Victoria Square

Victoria Square, also known by its Kaurna name Tarntanyangga, is the vibrant heart of Adelaide, South Australia. This iconic square, designed by Colonel William Light in 1837, is one of the five public squares in the city's grid plan and serves as a focal point for both locals and tourists alike. The dual naming of Victoria Square/Tarntanyangga reflects the Adelaide City Council's recognition of the area's rich Aboriginal heritage, honoring the Kaurna people who originally inhabited the region.

A Journey Through Time

The history of Victoria Square/Tarntanyangga stretches back centuries, long before European settlement. It was a central gathering place for the Kaurna people, known as Tarndanya, or red kangaroo rock. This name is derived from the Kaurna words tarnta (red kangaroo) and kanya (rock), with the suffix -ngga indicating a location. The square was a site of significant cultural and social importance, where the Kaurna people held ceremonies and dances.

In 1837, the square was named Victoria Square by the Street Naming Committee in honor of Princess Victoria, who was then the heir presumptive to the British throne. Over the years, the square has undergone numerous transformations, evolving from a dusty paddock to a beautifully landscaped urban space. In 2003, the square was officially assigned its dual name, Tarntanyangga, as part of the Adelaide City Council's initiative to acknowledge the traditional custodians of the land.

Exploring the Square

Victoria Square/Tarntanyangga is a bustling hub of activity, surrounded by significant landmarks and institutions. On the northern and southern ends, you'll find the Supreme Court of South Australia, the Adelaide Magistrates' Court, the Federal Court of Australia, and the historic old Treasury building, which now operates as a hotel. The eastern side of the square is home to the Roman Catholic Cathedral Church of St. Francis Xavier, the SA Water headquarters, and various state government offices, including the office of the Premier. The west side features commercial buildings, the Adelaide Central Market entrance, the Hilton hotel, and numerous offices.

King William Street, one of Adelaide's main thoroughfares, bisects the square from north to south, creating a distinctive diamond shape. The square is also intersected by a road connecting Wakefield Street to the east and Grote Street to the west. This unique layout adds to the square's charm and accessibility.

Significant Monuments and Features

At the heart of Victoria Square stands a statue of Queen Victoria, which was unveiled in 1894. This bronze statue, cast from copper mined in Wallaroo and Moonta, is a tribute to the monarch who ascended to the throne in 1837. The statue, inscribed with Victoria R.I., has been a focal point for various ceremonies and commemorations over the years.

Another prominent feature is the Three Rivers Fountain, sculpted by John Dowie. Erected to commemorate the visit of Queen Elizabeth II to Adelaide in 1963, the fountain represents the three rivers that provide water to Adelaide: the Murray, the Onkaparinga, and the Torrens. The fountain's central crown symbolizes the royal visit, while the figures of an Aboriginal man with an ibis, a woman with a heron, and another woman with a black swan represent the three rivers.

A Hub of Culture and Community

Victoria Square/Tarntanyangga is not just a historical site; it is a vibrant center for cultural and community events. The square plays a significant role in Aboriginal cultural activities, including the National Sorry Day commemoration and the annual NAIDOC Week celebrations. The square also witnessed a historic moment on 9 July 1971, when the Australian Aboriginal flag was flown for the first time during a land rights rally. Today, the flag flies permanently alongside the Australian flag, symbolizing the unity and recognition of Australia's Indigenous heritage.

During the Christmas season, the square transforms into a festive wonderland with the installation of a towering 24.5-meter Christmas tree, adding to the square's charm and attracting visitors from all over. The square's open spaces and well-maintained gardens provide a perfect setting for relaxation and social gatherings, making it a popular spot for both locals and tourists.

Modern Upgrades and Future Plans

In recent years, Victoria Square/Tarntanyangga has undergone significant upgrades to enhance its functionality and aesthetic appeal. In 2012, the Adelaide City Council allocated $24 million for a major redevelopment project. The first stage of this project, completed in 2014, focused on revitalizing the northern half of the square. This included the relocation of the tram stop to the western edge of the square and the addition of new seating, lighting, and landscaping features.

While the redevelopment of the southern half of the square has been delayed due to funding constraints, the completed upgrades have already transformed Victoria Square/Tarntanyangga into a more vibrant and accessible urban space. The square's modern amenities and historical significance make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring Adelaide.

In conclusion, Victoria Square/Tarntanyangga is a place where history, culture, and community converge. Whether you're interested in exploring its rich heritage, attending a cultural event, or simply enjoying a leisurely stroll through its beautiful gardens, the square offers something for everyone. As you wander through this iconic space, you'll be walking in the footsteps of the Kaurna people, early settlers, and countless others who have contributed to its storied past. Victoria Square/Tarntanyangga is not just a landmark; it's a living testament to Adelaide's diverse and dynamic history.