San Nicola dei Greci

Nestled in the heart of Altamura, Italy, San Nicola dei Greci, also known locally as Chiesa di San Nicola dei Greci, is a captivating blend of history, art, and spirituality. This enchanting church stands proudly on the main street, Corso Federico II di Svevia, just a stone's throw from the majestic Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta.

The History of San Nicola dei Greci

San Nicola dei Greci was established in 1232 under the auspices of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. Originally constructed for the Greek Orthodox community in Altamura, it served as a spiritual home for Byzantine worshipers. The church was dedicated to Saint Nicholas of Myra, a revered figure known for his generosity and miracles.

For centuries, the church maintained its Greek Orthodox traditions until 1601, when it was adapted for the Latin rite. This transition marked significant architectural changes, including the modification of the iconostasis. The renowned master Cola de Gessa crafted the intricate portal between 1574 and 1576, which remains a testament to the church's evolving history. Further restorations in 1870 saw the refurbishment of the choir, enhancing the church’s aesthetic and spiritual ambiance.

Exploring San Nicola dei Greci

Stepping inside San Nicola dei Greci is like entering a time capsule. The church’s single nave is flanked by six small chapels, each adorned with artistic treasures. The ceiling is a stunning 17th-century wooden masterpiece depicting scenes from the life of Saint Nicholas, offering a glimpse into the rich tapestry of local religious art.

Visitors are greeted by a stone baptismal font near the entrance, one of the few remnants from the original structure. This ancient artifact, topped with a bronze cover, adds a touch of historical gravitas to the welcoming space.

The Facade: A Story in Stone

The facade of San Nicola dei Greci is an architectural marvel. Set on a rusticated base, it features a gabled profile and a central rose window that captivates onlookers. The portal is a sculptural narrative, with three bands of carved decorations depicting stories from the Old and New Testaments.

Among the intricate carvings, visitors can find scenes of the Garden of Eden, the creation of Adam and Eve, and the dramatic fall of Lucifer. The architrave below the lunette illustrates the tales of Cain and Abel, the construction of Noah's Ark, and the great flood. The biblical imagery seamlessly transitions into the life of Jesus, beginning with the Annunciation and culminating in the Nativity and the Flight into Egypt.

The Chapels and Artwork

The chapels within San Nicola dei Greci are resplendent with golden wooden altars and inlaid decorations, inspired by Spanish retablos. A particularly striking piece is the canvas depicting the Martyrdom of Saint Beatrice. This dramatic artwork, attributed to the local artist Plantamura, captures the saint in her final moments, crowned by an angel descending from the heavens.

Another highlight is the painted stone statue of Saint Nicholas of Bari, seated in a pose of blessing. This 16th-century statue, once modified to fit the transition from Greek to Latin rites, embodies the church's rich historical layers. Its movable right hand, crafted from wood and plaster, adds a unique touch to this revered figure.

The Presbytery: A Sacred Space

The presbytery of San Nicola dei Greci is defined by a pointed arch that separates it from the nave. The main altar, dedicated to the Coronation of the Virgin Mary, is a splendid structure of wood and plaster, adorned with polychrome marble inlays reminiscent of Neapolitan architecture.

The altar's design, attributed to master craftsmen, features a marble table and sculptures that enhance its sacred significance. Although the original wooden choir has been relocated, the remaining elements continue to convey the church's historical and artistic importance.

In conclusion, San Nicola dei Greci is more than just a church; it is a living testament to the cultural and religious evolution of Altamura. Its walls echo with stories of devotion and artistry, inviting visitors to embark on a journey through time. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an art lover, or a spiritual seeker, this remarkable church offers a profound and enriching experience in the heart of Italy's Puglia region.