St. Martin

St. Martin's Basilica in Amberg, Bavaria, Germany, is a stunning example of late Gothic architecture and a significant landmark in the region. This magnificent church, situated in the heart of Amberg, is the largest Gothic hall church in the Upper Palatinate and has been a central part of the town's spiritual and cultural life for centuries.

The Architectural Marvel

St. Martin's Basilica, with its imposing structure and intricate design, is a testament to the architectural prowess of the late Gothic period. The construction of the current church began in 1421, replacing an earlier Romanesque basilica. The new church was built by the citizens of Amberg in the late Gothic style, featuring a three-aisled hall design with a unified roof. The basilica stretches 72 meters in length and 27.8 meters in width, making it a grand and spacious place of worship.

One of the most striking features of St. Martin's Basilica is its nearly 92-meter-high tower, which dominates the skyline of Amberg. This tower is not only a visual landmark but also accessible to the public, offering breathtaking views of the town and its surroundings. The church is encircled by a series of 19 chapels, all interconnected by a common gallery, providing a unique architectural harmony.

A Journey Through Time

The history of St. Martin's Basilica is as rich and varied as its architecture. The original Romanesque basilica that stood on the site was a three-aisled structure with three apses, a double-tower facade, and a choir tower. However, the late Gothic reconstruction in the 15th century transformed it into the grand basilica we see today.

During the Reformation in the mid-16th century, the church underwent significant changes. Protestant services were held from 1544, and in 1557, under the orders of Elector Ottheinrich of the Palatinate, the Calvinists removed the side altars and artworks in a wave of iconoclastic fervor. The church was later completely stripped of its furnishings, and the frescoes were destroyed.

Following the Counter-Reformation, St. Martin's Basilica was re-adorned with a new Baroque high altar featuring a painting by Gaspar de Crayer, a pupil of Peter Paul Rubens. In 1628, the church was further Baroque-ized. However, the Spanish War of Succession in 1703 caused damage to the church, including the destruction of the original stained glass windows. The tower was rebuilt in 1720, giving it its current form.

In the 19th century, the church underwent a Neo-Gothic restoration, which included the installation of new stained glass windows and the addition of the west gallery. The most recent renovations began in 2003, focusing on the roof structure and tower, and continuing with the exterior stonework and stained glass windows.

The Basilica Minor

In recognition of its regional importance, St. Martin's Basilica was elevated to the status of a Basilica minor by Pope John Paul II on September 27, 1980, through the apostolic letter Inter templa. This designation highlights the church's significance not only as a place of worship but also as a cultural and historical monument.

The Majestic Organ

The basilica's organ, built in 1968 by the E. F. Walcker company in Ludwigsburg, is a remarkable instrument. It features mechanical action and electric stop action, and in 1973, it was expanded with a Bombard work playable from the first manual. Plans are underway for a complementary choir organ, followed by the restoration and reorganization of the main organ.

The Bells of St. Martin

The bell collection of St. Martin's Basilica is particularly noteworthy, comprising nine bells dating from the 14th to the 19th centuries, housed in two bell chambers. The main peal hangs in the lower chamber, with the oldest bell, cast on July 24, 1318, forming the foundation for the Sunday peal. The large Unsres-Herrn-Glocke is reserved for high feasts. The upper chamber houses the fire bell and the Armesünderglocke (Poor Sinners' Bell), the latter rung during executions.

Visiting St. Martin's Basilica

A visit to St. Martin's Basilica is a journey through centuries of history, art, and architecture. As you step inside, you'll be greeted by the grandeur of the Gothic hall, the intricate details of the chapels, and the serene atmosphere that has been preserved through the ages. Whether you're an architecture enthusiast, a history buff, or simply seeking a moment of reflection, St. Martin's Basilica offers a rich and rewarding experience.

In conclusion, St. Martin's Basilica is not just a church; it's a symbol of Amberg's enduring spirit and cultural heritage. Its towering presence and intricate details tell the story of a community's faith, resilience, and artistic achievement, making it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the beauty and history of Bavaria.