City walls and land defense of Anklam

The City walls and land defense of Anklam, known locally as Stadtmauer Anklam, stand as a testament to the medieval fortification efforts that once protected this charming town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. This historic structure not only offers a glimpse into the past but also provides a fascinating journey through the architectural and cultural evolution of Anklam.

The History of the City Walls

The origins of the City walls and land defense of Anklam trace back to around 1191 when a wooden palisade first encircled the settlement. As the town grew, so did the need for more robust defenses. By the 15th century, the wooden barriers were replaced by a formidable stone wall, standing five meters high and stretching approximately 2,500 meters around the town. This transformation marked Anklam's transition from a modest settlement to a fortified city of the Hanseatic League.

Over the years, the walls were enhanced and expanded. By 1517, they had reached a height of eight meters, further solidifying Anklam's defenses. The walls were punctuated by several wiekhäuser, or small towers, which added to their defensive capabilities. These structures were not just military in nature; they also served as symbols of the city's growing importance and prosperity.

Exploring the Gates and Towers

The City walls of Anklam were originally pierced by seven gates, each serving as vital points of entry and commerce. These gates, mostly dating from the 13th century, facilitated the movement of people, livestock, and goods. Notably, the Steintor, a towering six-story Gothic gate built around 1250, remains a prominent landmark and houses a regional history museum today.

Of the original towers, the southern Pulverturm is the only one still standing. This 20-meter-high tower, first mentioned in 1449, was used for storing gunpowder and as a lookout point. Its distinctive conical top and overhanging battlements make it an intriguing feature of Anklam's skyline.

The Landwehr and Its Role

Beyond the city walls, the Anklamer Landwehr played a crucial role in the town's defense. This extensive system of ramparts and ditches, planted with thorny bushes, encircled an area of approximately 24 square kilometers. It served as an additional barrier against invading forces, working in conjunction with the natural landscape of swamps and waterways.

The Landwehr was dotted with watchtowers, where fires would be lit to signal the approach of enemy troops. The Hoher Stein, a round tower with crenellations and an octagonal roof, is a surviving example of these defensive structures.

Changes Through the Centuries

The City walls and land defense of Anklam underwent several modifications over the centuries. During the 17th century, the fortifications were expanded with the addition of larger bastions and a hornwork, a strong defensive outwork. However, following the Seven Years' War, parts of the walls were dismantled, and the bastions were removed.

In 1846, the remaining gates, except for the Steintor, were demolished to improve traffic flow. Today, the outlines of these structures are marked by stones in the ground, serving as silent reminders of the town's fortified past.

Preserving History

Efforts have been made to preserve the remaining sections of the City walls. A notable stretch along Mauerstraße was restored in 2018, thanks to donations from the community. This preservation work ensures that future generations can appreciate the historical significance of Anklam's defenses.

Visitors to Anklam can walk along these ancient walls, imagining the bustling medieval town they once protected. The walls not only tell the story of Anklam's strategic importance but also reflect the resilience and ingenuity of its people throughout history.

In conclusion, the City walls and land defense of Anklam are more than just remnants of the past; they are enduring symbols of the town's rich heritage. Whether you're a history enthusiast or a casual traveler, exploring these fortifications offers a unique insight into the medieval world and the enduring spirit of Anklam.