Basilica of SS. Peter and Alexander

The Basilica of SS. Peter and Alexander, known locally as St. Peter und Alexander, stands as the oldest church in Aschaffenburg, Bavaria, Germany. This magnificent edifice, with its rich history and stunning architectural features, is a must-visit for anyone exploring the region. Perched on a hill, the basilica overlooks the city, offering a serene and majestic view that beckons visitors to explore its storied past and artistic treasures.

A Journey Through History

The origins of the Basilica of SS. Peter and Alexander date back to the 10th century. It was initiated by Duke Liudolf of Swabia and his wife Ida of Swabia, likely between 947 and 957. The church's foundation was laid on the site of a Carolingian rectangular building. The core structure of the basilica was constructed in the Romanesque style, with subsequent additions in the Early Gothic period. The church has been a significant religious and cultural landmark throughout the centuries, reflecting the evolving architectural styles and the historical developments of the region.

In 974, the collegiate foundation of St. Peter and St. Alexander was established by Otto, Duke of Swabia, son of Liudolf and Ida. This marked the beginning of the basilica's prominence as a religious center. In 982, Aschaffenburg, along with the collegiate foundation, was bequeathed to the Archbishop of Mainz, Willigis, by Duke Otto. This transfer significantly boosted the church's status and influence, making it a central ecclesiastical institution in the region.

The basilica witnessed several phases of expansion and enhancement over the centuries. Notably, in the 12th and 13th centuries, major construction projects were undertaken, resulting in the Romanesque and Gothic elements that define the church's architecture today. The collegiate foundation grew in wealth and influence, becoming the largest landowner in Aschaffenburg by the 14th century. Despite challenges, including a revolt by the city's citizens in 1304, the foundation maintained its privileges and continued to flourish.

During the Reformation, Archbishop Albrecht of Brandenburg moved his residence to Aschaffenburg, temporarily making the basilica part of the episcopal seat. The collegiate foundation was dissolved in 1802 following the secularization of ecclesiastical properties. However, the basilica continued to serve as a parish church and was later elevated to a minor basilica by Pope Pius XII in 1958.

Architectural Marvels

The Basilica of SS. Peter and Alexander is a testament to the architectural prowess of its builders. The church's design incorporates elements from various periods, creating a harmonious blend of styles. The Romanesque core, with its robust pillars and arches, is complemented by Gothic additions, including the impressive tower at the southwest corner of the nave. This tower, constructed between 1340 and 1420, features an octagonal upper section and a platform with a tracery balustrade, crowned with intricate gables and finials.

Approaching the basilica from the north, visitors are greeted by a monumental baroque double staircase, built in the 17th century. This grand entrance is flanked by statues of the church's patron saints, Peter and Alexander, sculpted in 1723. A crucifixion group by Antonius Wermerskirch, dating from 1699, adds to the dramatic entrance.

The west façade of the basilica is adorned with a neo-Gothic gable, designed by Georg Eberlein in 1870. Above the main entrance, a tympanum depicts Christ as the ruler of the world, flanked by the patron saints. Inside, the basilica's nave features late Romanesque columns, believed to have been repurposed from the predecessor of Johannisburg Castle. These columns support the organ gallery, adding to the church's majestic interior.

Artistic Treasures

The Basilica of SS. Peter and Alexander is renowned for its rich collection of artworks and religious artifacts. One of the most significant pieces is the Aschaffenburg Triumph Cross, a life-sized crucifix from the 10th century. This masterpiece, donated by the Abbess Mathilde of Essen and Archbishop Willigis of Mainz, commemorates Mathilde's brother, Otto of Swabia. The cross, with its serene depiction of Christ, symbolizes the triumph over death and is a focal point of the basilica's interior.

Another notable artwork is the early Baroque pulpit, crafted by Hans Juncker in 1602. The pulpit features statues of Christ the Savior and the four evangelists, along with reliefs depicting scenes from the Old Testament that foreshadow the New Testament. This exquisite piece of craftsmanship offers a glimpse into the artistic heritage of the region.

Exploring the Grounds

The basilica complex includes a cloister with 64 capitals, built between 1240 and 1245. This cloister, once the spiritual heart of the collegiate foundation, now forms part of the Stiftsmuseum, which houses many of the basilica's treasures. The museum offers visitors an opportunity to delve deeper into the history and art of the basilica, with exhibits ranging from medieval manuscripts to liturgical objects.

The basilica's location on a hill provides stunning views of the Aschaffenburg skyline. Visitors can enjoy a leisurely stroll around the church grounds, taking in the serene atmosphere and the beauty of the surrounding architecture. The Pilgrims' Fountain on the Stiftsplatz is a replica of the original 1882 fountain, adding to the charm of the area.

In conclusion, the Basilica of SS. Peter and Alexander is a jewel of Aschaffenburg, offering a rich tapestry of history, art, and architecture. Its storied past, combined with its stunning design and artistic treasures, makes it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring Bavaria. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply seeking a peaceful retreat, the basilica promises an unforgettable experience.