Avellino Cathedral

Nestled in the heart of the historic center of Avellino, the Avellino Cathedral, known locally as Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta, stands as a grand testament to centuries of architectural evolution and religious devotion. This magnificent cathedral, dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, is not only the main church of the city but also the cathedral of the Diocese of Avellino. Let's embark on a journey through its fascinating history and splendid features.

The History of Avellino Cathedral

The origins of Avellino Cathedral can be traced back to the mid-12th century when Bishop Roberto initiated its construction. The work began in 1132 and was completed in 1166, marking the birth of a Romanesque structure that would undergo numerous transformations over the centuries. The cathedral's initial Romanesque design remained largely intact until the late 17th century, when the first major renovations began, transitioning it into the Baroque style. These changes included the addition of a coffered ceiling and various decorative elements, notably the paintings by Michele Ricciardi.

In the second half of the 19th century, under the direction of Bishop Francesco Gallo, the cathedral underwent a significant neoclassical makeover. Architect Pasquale Cardola was tasked with redesigning the façade between 1857 and 1868, while Vincenzo Varriale transformed the interior from 1880 to 1889. Despite the ravages of World War II and the devastating earthquake of 1980, the cathedral has been meticulously restored, with the most recent restoration completed in 1985 under Bishop Pasquale Venezia.

Exploring the Exterior

The neoclassical façade of Avellino Cathedral is a striking sight, crafted from white and gray marble, alabaster, and basalt. Divided into two orders by a cornice, the lower order features five sections separated by four columns, with three impressive bronze doors offering entry. The central portal, originally constructed by Bishop Roberto in 1133 and expanded by Bishop Guglielmo in 1167, is particularly noteworthy. Adorned with intricate scenes depicting the religious and civic history of Avellino, it is a masterpiece of Giovanni Sica, an Avellinese sculptor.

Above the central door, a bas-relief of the Last Supper adds to the façade's grandeur. Flanking the main portal are two niches housing statues of significant religious figures: Saint Modestino, the patron saint of Avellino, and Saint William of Vercelli, the primary patron of Irpinia and founder of the Montevergine Monastery. The marble balustrade, featuring late Baroque symbols, leads visitors up the steps to the cathedral, enhancing its majestic appearance.

Discovering the Interior

Stepping inside Avellino Cathedral, visitors are greeted by a Latin cross layout divided into three naves by grand pillars. The central nave's coffered ceiling, added in the 18th century, is a highlight, featuring a large canvas by Michele Ricciardi depicting the Assumption of Mary. The lateral naves, illuminated by ten small domes, house ten chapels, each containing statues and paintings of great artistic value.

The right nave includes the Chapel of Saint Gerard, with its baroque marble altar and statue of Saint Gerard Majella, the protector of mothers and children. The Chapel of the Magi, another gem, showcases the Adoration of the Magi, a late 16th-century painting by Flemish artist Pietro Torres. The Chapel of Saint Anthony of Padua, with its ancient wooden statue of the saint, and the Chapel of the Crucifixion, featuring a painting of the Crucifixion and a reliquary of the Sacred Thorn, are also must-sees.

On the left side, the Chapel of the Pietà, once the original baptistery, now houses the statue of the Virgin of the Seven Sorrows and the deceased Christ. The Chapel of the Annunciation, with its ancient painting of the Annunciation, and the Chapel of the Assumption, home to the famed statue of the Immaculate Conception by Nicolò Fumo, are equally captivating. The Chapel of the Rosary and the Chapel of the Sacred Heart, with its statue of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, complete the left nave's offerings.

The Transcept and Beyond

Ascending a few steps from the naves, visitors reach the transept, where the new altar, ambo, and baptismal font are located. The walls below the cornice display two paintings by Achille Iovine, depicting the Holy Family and Saint Lawrence the Martyr, while the upper cornice features five paintings by Angelo Michele Ricciardi of notable saints from various religious orders.

The transept also provides access to two lateral chapels. The left chapel, dedicated to Saint Modestino, houses the relics of the city's patron saints and a silver bust of Saint Modestino. The right chapel, known as the Chapel of the Holy Trinity, features a Renaissance-style bas-relief of the Holy Trinity.

In conclusion, Avellino Cathedral is not just a place of worship; it is a living museum of art, history, and faith. Its walls and altars tell stories of devotion, resilience, and artistic achievement, making it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the rich cultural heritage of Avellino. Whether you are an art enthusiast, a history buff, or a spiritual seeker, the Avellino Cathedral offers a deeply enriching experience that will leave a lasting impression.