Église Saint Pierre (Avignon)

Église Saint Pierre, or Collégiale Saint-Pierre d'Avignon as it is known locally, is a stunning example of Gothic architecture nestled in the heart of Avignon, in the picturesque region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. This historic basilica, with its towering spires and intricate stonework, offers visitors a glimpse into the rich ecclesiastical history of this charming French city.

The History of Église Saint Pierre

The origins of Église Saint Pierre can be traced back to the 7th century when the first church was constructed on this site. This early structure, however, was destroyed by Saracens. It wasn't until the 10th century that Bishop Folco II began rebuilding the church. The construction spanned several centuries, culminating in 1358, thanks to the support of Cardinal Pierre des Prés. Under his patronage, the church was elevated to a collegiate church by Pope Innocent VI, and additional structures such as the canons' house and a cloister were added, although the latter no longer exists today.

Significant expansions and embellishments were made in the 15th century, including the extension of the nave and the addition of new chapels. The churchyard was established in 1486, and the bell tower, designed by Jean-Baptiste Lécuyer, was completed in 1495. The façade, a masterpiece of Gothic design, began to take shape in 1512.

In 1840, Église Saint Pierre was listed as a historical monument in France, and in 2012, Pope Benedict XVI granted it the title of Basilica minor, recognizing its importance and beauty.

Architectural Marvels

The architecture of Église Saint Pierre is a testament to the skill and artistry of the craftsmen of the time. The bell tower, with its square base and octagonal spire, is a striking feature of the Avignon skyline. The façade, completed in 1524 and designed by Nicolas Gasc and Perrin Souquet, is adorned with two slender towers and features monumental walnut doors crafted by Antoine Volard in 1551. These doors are separated by a statue of the Virgin and Child attributed to Jean Péru. The left door depicts St. Jerome with a lion at his feet and the Archangel Michael slaying a dragon, while the right door illustrates the Annunciation to Mary by the Archangel Gabriel. Flanking each door are caryatids, and above them are bas-relief panels with arabesque and chimera figures, topped by a mask with two putti holding a cornucopia.

Exploring the Interior

Stepping inside Église Saint Pierre, visitors are greeted by a classic hall church layout with six side chapels and a baptismal font. The nave, measuring 25.5 meters in length, 9.6 meters in width, and 15 meters in height, is divided into four bays with ribbed vaulting that rests on capital-like wall consoles rather than pillars. The high altar is crowned by a gilded wooden altarpiece designed by Jesuit architect Etienne Martelange in 1617, featuring a large painting by Guillaume Ernest Grève depicting Christ handing the keys of the church to St. Peter. Above the altarpiece is a stylized dark dove on a white background, encased in a golden wooden crown.

The choir, 17.5 meters long, is home to finely crafted wooden choir stalls adorned with floral motif paintings. Above these stalls are large paintings depicting scenes from the Gospels, adding to the church's spiritual and artistic ambiance.

Notable Artworks

Église Saint Pierre houses several remarkable artworks, including:

• Saint Barbara and Saint Margaret Adoring the Blessed Sacrament by Nicolas Mignard (1652)
• The Holy Family with the Goldfinch by Nicolas Mignard (1641)
• Adoration of the Shepherds and The Immaculate Conception by Simon de Châlons (circa 1550)
• Gilded woodwork in the choir (1670) based on a design by François de la Valfenière
• Retable by Perrinet Parpaille (1526)
• Gilded wooden altar from the 18th century
• The Entombment of the Galliens Family (1431)
• The Delivery of the Keys to St. Peter and The Four Doctors of the Church by Guillaume Grève (1634)
• St. Peter Walking on Water by Pierre Duplan (1589)
• The Holy Family, Saint Agatha, and Saint Margaret by Guillaume-Ernest Grève (circa 1614)

The Organ

The church's first organ, mentioned in 1515, was destroyed during the French Revolution. In 1819, Milanese organ builder Ludovica Piantanida constructed a new organ, which was expanded to 25 stops and a pedal by Théodore Puget in 1862. The organ underwent restorations and expansions in 1892 and 1925 and now boasts 37 stops. Recognized as a historical monument in 2005, the organ is currently (as of June 2024) undergoing a major restoration.

Église Saint Pierre is more than just a place of worship; it is a treasure trove of history, art, and architecture. A visit to this magnificent basilica is a journey through centuries of religious and cultural heritage, making it an essential stop for anyone exploring the enchanting city of Avignon.