City fortification

The City fortification, known locally as Stadtturm Baden, stands as a proud sentinel in the historic town of Baden, Switzerland. This striking tower, with its imposing height of 56.45 meters, dominates the skyline, offering a glimpse into the medieval past of this charming town. As one of the only two surviving elements of the medieval fortifications, alongside the Landvogteischloss, the City fortification is not just a piece of history, but a symbol of resilience and architectural magnificence.

The History of the City Fortification

The origins of the City fortification date back to the mid-15th century, a time when Baden was under constant threat from neighboring regions. The original tower, constructed around 1360, was demolished after about 80 years, making way for the current structure. Built between 1441 and 1448 during the Old Zurich War, the tower was a crucial defensive structure against the attacks from Zurich. The local master builder Rudolf Murer started the construction, and it was during an attack on November 8, 1445, that the tower, still under construction, proved its worth by withstanding a battering ram assault.

In the years 1481 to 1483, the tower was elevated by two additional stories under Martin Grülich from Brugg, reaching its final height. This expansion included the addition of four turrets, two clocks, and a roof turret, enhancing both its defensive capabilities and aesthetic appeal. Despite the destruction of its bastion by Zurich forces in 1712, after their victory in the Second Villmergen War, the tower transitioned from a defensive stronghold to a more decorative role.

Exploring the Architectural Marvel

The City fortification is a testament to medieval engineering and design. Its almost square base measures 10.9 by 10.4 meters, constructed from locally sourced limestone, while the cornerstones are crafted from sandstone originating from a quarry in Mägenwil. The tower's steep hipped roof, adorned in the city colors of black, red, and white, features a striking chevron pattern with glazed tiles, topped by a hexagonal copper roof turret.

The tower’s uppermost floor is embellished with four polygonal projecting turrets, adding to its grandeur. Visitors can admire the stone relief above the northern arch, which displays the double-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire, flanked by the Baden coat of arms and the inscription anno domini MCCCCXLI (in the year of our Lord 1441), marking the oldest preserved depiction of the city's emblem.

A Journey Through Time

Over the centuries, the City fortification has undergone several renovations to preserve its structural integrity and historical charm. A significant renovation in 1755 was followed by another in 1842-1846, which saw the lower floor removed to expand the gate. The upper floors were repurposed into heated prison cells, a function they served until 1984. The tower was placed under monument protection in 1925, and it has since been restored to reflect its pre-1925 appearance.

In 1990, a storm caused substantial damage to the roof and turret, leading to a restoration that included copper cladding and tile replacement. The most recent renovation, completed in 2009, addressed moisture issues by replacing the cement-heavy plaster applied in 1925 with a more traditional finish.

Modern-Day Significance

Today, the City fortification is a beloved landmark and a focal point for both locals and visitors. Although it no longer serves a defensive purpose, the tower occasionally opens its doors for public events, allowing people to step back in time and experience its historical ambiance. Its picturesque presence is a popular subject for photographers and has even inspired architectural designs, such as the tower of the Swiss National Museum in Zurich.

In conclusion, the City fortification, or Stadtturm Baden, is more than just an architectural wonder; it is a narrative of Baden's rich history and enduring spirit. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to this iconic tower offers a captivating journey through time, set against the backdrop of Baden’s picturesque old town.