Citadel of Bastia

The Citadel of Bastia, known locally as Citadelle et palais du Gouverneur, is a historical gem perched majestically above the bustling city of Bastia in Corsica, France. This ancient fortress, with its commanding views over the Mediterranean Sea, offers a fascinating glimpse into the rich tapestry of Corsican history and Genoese architecture. As you wander through its storied streets and explore its monumental structures, you'll be transported back to a time when this citadel was the heart of governance and defense on the island.

The Historical Significance of the Citadel of Bastia

The origins of the Citadel of Bastia date back to the 14th century when it was established by the Genoese. At that time, the capital of Corsica was Biguglia, but the Genoese found it unsuitable for trade and defense. In 1380, Governor Leonello Lomellini decided to build a new fort, called Castello della Bastia or Il Fortino, on a rocky promontory overlooking two ports: the marine of the village of Cardu (now the Vieux-Port) and the marine of the vanished village of Belgudere (now the Anse de Ficaghjola).

By 1475, the podestà Antonio Tagliacarne had initiated the construction of approximately twenty houses, giving birth to the Terra Nova district. This new quarter stood in contrast to the Terra Vechja district, which corresponded to the current Vieux-Port. The original fortifications of the Citadel, known as Castello della Bastia, have long since disappeared, but their legacy endures in the city's coat of arms.

Exploring the Citadel of Bastia

As you step into the Citadel, you will be greeted by the Piazza di A Corte, the main square of the Citadel. Historically, this was the only entrance to Terra Nova, the upper town. The square is surrounded by significant buildings that have shaped the history of Bastia, including the Governor's Palace, the Pavilion of the Twelve Nobles, and the Casetta. Originally known as Piazza di A Corte (Court Square), its name reflects the judicial court that was once housed here. Under French rule, the square was renamed Place du Donjon.

The Governor's Palace

The Governor's Palace, constructed from 1448 and completed in the early 16th century, served as the main residence for the Genoese governors until the end of Genoese rule in the 18th century. It also functioned as a court of justice and a prison. The facades and roofs of the Governor's Palace were classified as historical monuments in 1977. This grand edifice stands as a testament to the architectural prowess and administrative significance of the Genoese era.

Religious Edifices in the Citadel

Within the Citadel, you will find two remarkable religious structures: the Church of Sainte-Croix and the Cathedral of Sainte-Marie. Both are classified as historical monuments. The Cathedral of Sainte-Marie, constructed between 1604 and 1619, is a splendid example of Baroque architecture. The interior, with its richly decorated three naves, showcases the opulence of 17th and 18th-century design. The cathedral also houses a 200-kilogram statue of the Virgin Mary, crafted by Sienese goldsmith Gaetano Macchi in the 19th century.

The Church of Sainte-Croix, built by the Confraternity of Sainte-Croix in 1542, is another must-visit site. Inside, you will discover the Très Saint Crucifix des Miracles, or the Black Christ, a revered artifact believed to have been found at sea by two Bastia fishermen in 1428. The church's interior is adorned with gilded stuccoes created by Ligurian and Corsican artists between 1758 and 1775, adding to its historical and artistic value.

Other Notable Structures

The Citadel is also home to several other notable structures, including the Palace of the Twelve Nobles, established around 1703. This institution was reserved for Corsican nobles, particularly those from prominent families, who were elected to assist the governor with various tasks. Under French rule, the building was repurposed for military use and now houses the heritage services of the Bastia municipality.

Another significant site is the Casetta, originally a small house belonging to the Tagliacarne family. Antonio Tagliacarne, the first podestà of Bastia, played a crucial role in the development of the Terra Nova district. The Casetta served as the town hall under Genoese rule and was the meeting place for the Magnifica Comunità della Bastia, the equivalent of the municipal council.

The Remnants of the Past

The Citadel's ancient walls, some of which date back to the 15th century, have been reconstructed multiple times due to wars and destruction. These fortifications, along with the monumental gates, provide a tangible link to the past. The oldest gate, located on Cours Favale, is known as the Louis XVI Gate, rebuilt in 1775. Above the second gate, you can still discern the emblem of the Republic of Genoa: two griffins surrounding a shield and a crown.

As you explore the Citadel of Bastia, you'll be captivated by its historical depth and architectural beauty. From the Governor's Palace to the religious edifices and ancient fortifications, every corner of this citadel tells a story of a bygone era. Whether you're a history enthusiast or a casual traveler, the Citadel of Bastia offers a unique and enriching experience that will leave you with lasting memories of Corsica's rich heritage.