Neues Schloss Bayreuth

Neues Schloss Bayreuth, nestled in the charming town of Bayreuth in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, is a splendid example of 18th-century Rococo architecture. This former residential palace, steeped in history and adorned with intricate details, offers a captivating journey into the past, making it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike.

The History of Neues Schloss Bayreuth

The story of Neues Schloss Bayreuth begins in 1753 when a devastating fire destroyed the previous residence, known as the Old Palace. Under the reign of Margrave Frederick III and his wife, Wilhelmine of Prussia, the construction of the new palace commenced. Despite financial constraints and the urgency of the project, the court architect Joseph Saint-Pierre was tasked with creating a magnificent new residence. The palace was completed in 1758, the same year Wilhelmine passed away.

The location of Neues Schloss was strategically chosen near the Hofgarten, a beautiful court garden. This choice, however, came with the challenge of incorporating existing buildings, including the unfinished Reformed Church. The central wing of the palace, featuring the grand entrance, staircase, and ballroom, was ingeniously integrated into the shell of this church, resulting in some architectural quirks visible from the garden.

Exploring Neues Schloss Bayreuth

As you step into the Neues Schloss, you're greeted by an array of historically significant rooms and exquisite decorations. The palace's interior is a testament to Wilhelmine's influence and her fondness for breaking the strict hierarchical arrangement of court apartments. This is particularly evident in the north wing, where rooms are grouped in a seemingly random yet charming manner.

The state rooms have been preserved in their original splendor, with intricate stucco work, wall coverings, parquet floors, and doors. Some of the furniture and paintings are original, while others were added later. One of the highlights is the splendid ballroom, adorned with fine golden stucco and a majestic pilaster structure, offering a glimpse into the grandeur of past royal events.

The Unique Rooms of Neues Schloss

Among the palace's many fascinating rooms, the Palm Room stands out. This room, possibly used as a meeting place for the Freemasons, features a unique design that captivates visitors. The Mirror Cabinet is another intriguing space, where instead of symmetrical mirrors, irregularly shaped mirror fragments adorn the ceiling and walls, creating a dazzling effect.

The Trellis Rooms are a visual delight, with walls that give the impression of a trellis scaffold adorned with highly naturalistic stucco plants. The Music Room, decorated with portraits of actors, singers, and musicians who performed at the court, provides a glimpse into the cultural life of the era.

The Italian Building

In 1759, the Italian Building was constructed to the south of the main palace for Margrave Frederick's second wife, Sophie Caroline Marie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Initially a separate structure, it was later connected to the main palace by a discreetly prominent wing designed by the young architect Carl von Gontard. The Italian Building's interior, crafted by Giovanni Battista Pedrozzi, features magnificent forms that overflow onto the exterior walls, adding to the palace's allure.

The Kitchens and Other Buildings

Adjacent to the main palace, across Glasenappweg, stands the former kitchen building. This independent two-story structure with a hipped roof has had various uses over the years, including serving as a higher girls' school and a municipal auxiliary school. Today, it houses a commercial gallery leading to Richard-Wagner Street.

Additionally, the Comedy House, constructed simultaneously with the Neues Schloss, once stood near the palace. Although it was eventually demolished due to fire hazards, its stone façade remains, adding to the historical tapestry of the area.

Notable Residents and Events

Over the years, Neues Schloss Bayreuth has hosted several notable figures. In 1792, Frederick William II of Prussia, appointed governor-general of Ansbach-Bayreuth, resided in the palace with his family. The future Duke of Württemberg, Heinrich von Gagern, was born in the north wing in 1799. The palace also provided refuge to the Bavarian royal family during the French occupation of Munich in 1800.

One of the most intriguing stories associated with Neues Schloss is Napoleon Bonaparte's overnight stay in May 1812. Legend has it that he was haunted by the ghost of the White Lady of Himmelkron, prompting him to exclaim, Ce maudit château! (This accursed palace!). The event was later immortalized in Theodor Fontane's novel Effi Briest.

Museums and Exhibitions

Today, Neues Schloss Bayreuth is home to several museums and exhibitions. The State Rooms of the Margraviate offer a glimpse into the opulent lifestyle of the past. The south wing's ground floor houses a gallery featuring 80 works of Dutch and German painting from the late 17th and 18th centuries, including pieces by the court painter Peter Jakob Horemans.

The Italian Building hosts the Archaeological Museum of the Historical Association of Upper Franconia, as well as the Miniatures Galant collection and the Bayreuth of Wilhelmine museum. The Bayreuth Fayence Collection is also on display, providing visitors with a comprehensive view of the region's rich artistic heritage.

In conclusion, Neues Schloss Bayreuth is not just a historical monument; it is a living testament to the artistic and cultural achievements of the 18th century. Its walls echo with stories of the past, offering visitors a unique opportunity to step back in time and experience the grandeur of a bygone era. Whether you're a history buff or simply looking for a beautiful place to explore, Neues Schloss Bayreuth promises an unforgettable experience.