San Francesco

San Francesco, or the Convento di San Francesco d'Assisi, is a captivating historical and architectural landmark nestled in the heart of Benevento, Italy. This Gothic masterpiece, with its storied past and serene ambiance, invites visitors to step back in time and explore the rich tapestry of Franciscan history woven into its very walls.

The History of San Francesco

The origins of San Francesco are steeped in legend and tradition. It is said that the church's location was once home to a Lombard church dedicated to Saint Costanzo, dating back to around 950 AD. The narrative takes a significant turn with the arrival of Saint Francis of Assisi, who, according to tradition, visited Benevento on his pilgrimage to the Sanctuary of Saint Michael the Archangel. During a period of severe drought, Francis is believed to have prayed at the church of San Costanzo, bringing forth much-needed rain, a miracle that led to the donation of the church to the Franciscan friars.

Officially, the Franciscan presence was solidified in 1243 when local patrons bequeathed the church and its surroundings to the friars. The convent quickly became a hub of activity, as evidenced by papal bulls from Pope Gregory IX and Pope Innocent IV, which highlighted the convent's significance within the Franciscan Province of Terra di Lavoro.

The 14th century marked a period of growth and construction for San Francesco. With contributions from the faithful, the friars built the current church and convent, incorporating the older church of San Costanzo. Despite suffering damage from the earthquake of 1702, the complex was lovingly restored by Archbishop Vincenzo Maria Orsini, who later became Pope Benedict XIII.

Exploring San Francesco

Visitors to San Francesco are greeted by a grand entrance on Piazza Dogana, leading into a serene courtyard. The church itself is a single, spacious nave with a rectangular apse, illuminated by a rose window and a series of slender windows adorned with modern stained glass. The interior, though simple, is marked by alternating arched recesses and pilasters, offering a tranquil space for reflection.

The apse is particularly noteworthy, with its Gothic cross-vaulted ceiling. Although much of the original fresco decoration has been lost, some remnants remain, offering a glimpse into the artistic heritage of the past. Among these is a 15th-century fresco depicting the Trinity flanked by the Madonna and Saint John the Evangelist, as well as images of Saint Bartholomew, Saint John the Baptist, and Saint Francis of Assisi.

The Cloisters and Artistic Treasures

The convent features two cloisters, each with its own unique character. The main cloister, adjacent to the church, boasts a square layout with a central well and is surrounded by a corridor covered with cross-vaults. The arches, supported by a mix of Roman columns and original materials, create a harmonious blend of history and architecture. Notably, a cluster of six columns at one corner adds an intriguing focal point.

Though the frescoes by Antonio De Antonio, depicting the miracles of Saint Francis, have largely faded, a small ornamental portion remains, hinting at the once-vibrant artistry that adorned the walls.

Restoration and Revival

The 20th century brought significant changes to San Francesco. After serving various purposes, including a military district, the complex was returned to the Franciscan friars in 1959. With the support of the Cassa per il Mezzogiorno, a comprehensive restoration project was undertaken, led by architect Ezio Bruno De Felice. The restoration focused on removing later additions and restoring the church to its former glory, culminating in its reopening in 1968.

Today, San Francesco stands as a testament to the enduring spirit of the Franciscan community and the rich history of Benevento. Its walls whisper tales of devotion, resilience, and artistic achievement, making it an essential stop for anyone exploring the cultural and spiritual heritage of this charming Italian city.