White Building

Step into the heart of Bloomington, Illinois, and you'll find yourself drawn to the historic White Building, a striking example of Commercial style architecture that stands as a testament to the city's rich industrial past. Known also as the Heberling Building, this five-story red brick marvel has been a cornerstone of Bloomington's East Douglas Street since its completion in the late 19th century.

The Origins of the White Building

The White Building owes its existence to Samuel R. White, a Bloomington businessman who arrived in the city in 1870. With Bloomington already thriving as an economic hub due to its extensive railroad network, White saw an opportunity. By 1872, he had established himself as a building contractor, contributing to the construction of various significant structures across Illinois, including the First Ward School in Bloomington and the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago.

In 1878, White founded S.R. White Manufacturing, which quickly became one of Bloomington's leading manufacturers. Initially producing residential furniture, the company soon expanded its offerings to include sashes, doors, blinds, and finished lumber. Despite facing setbacks due to fires in the 1880s, White rebuilt with resilience, culminating in the construction of the White Building in 1894-1895.

A Flourishing Hub of Commerce

Upon its completion, the White Building became home to the Bloomington Store Fixture Company, occupying its top three floors and basement. The company utilized the third floor for woodworking machinery, the fourth for machine and bench work, and the fifth for finishing and storage. Meanwhile, the three-story western extension served as a lumber storage facility.

The first two floors of the building were bustling with various businesses, including a pharmacy in the northeast corner and the Gordon Manufacturing Company, known for producing metal oil cans. This lively mix of commerce made the White Building a vital part of Bloomington's economic landscape.

A Landmark of Resilience

In 1900, a devastating fire swept through downtown Bloomington, destroying much of the commercial district. Remarkably, the White Building emerged unscathed, a testament to its robust construction. In 1903, the Heberling Brothers purchased the pharmacy and gradually expanded their presence within the building, eventually leading to the relocation of the Bloomington Store Fixtures Company.

Architectural Significance

The White Building is a distinguished example of the Commercial style, often referred to as the Chicago School of architecture. This style is characterized by its emphasis on functionality and aesthetics, with the White Building featuring a blend of loft construction and elegant design. The building's fenestration, or arrangement of windows, is a hallmark of this architectural style, offering both practicality and visual appeal.

The structure's five-story section forms a 112-foot by 70-foot rectangle, while the smaller three-story extension measures 80 feet by 50 feet. The interior showcases timber-framed construction, with load-bearing brick walls extending to the foundation. This combination of materials and design elements highlights the building's commitment to safety and functionality.

A Legacy Preserved

Today, the White Building stands as a locally significant example of industrial Commercial style architecture. It is the best-preserved building of its kind in Bloomington, offering a glimpse into the city's industrial heritage. Unlike other similar structures, which have been obscured by modern developments, the White Building retains its historical integrity and continues to be a prominent feature of the Bloomington streetscape.

In recognition of its historical and architectural significance, the White Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in June 1994. This designation ensures that its legacy will be preserved for future generations to appreciate and explore.

Visiting the White Building

For those interested in exploring Bloomington's rich history, a visit to the White Building is a must. While the building itself is not a museum, its exterior offers a fascinating glimpse into the architectural trends and commercial activities of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Stroll along East Douglas Street and imagine the bustling commerce that once filled its floors, or take a moment to admire the intricate brickwork and thoughtfully designed windows that define its facade.

In conclusion, the White Building is more than just a structure; it is a symbol of Bloomington's industrious spirit and architectural innovation. Its walls echo the stories of entrepreneurs like Samuel R. White, who helped shape the city's identity. Whether you're a history enthusiast or simply curious about Bloomington's past, the White Building invites you to discover its enduring charm and significance.