End of the Via Appia Antica

The End of the Via Appia Antica, known locally as the Colonne romane di Brindisi, is a remarkable historical landmark in the charming port city of Brindisi, Italy. This ancient monument, steeped in history and surrounded by local lore, offers a fascinating glimpse into the past, making it a must-visit for any traveler exploring the region.

The Historical Significance of the Columns

The End of the Via Appia Antica is not just any ordinary monument; it is a testament to the enduring legacy of the Roman Empire. Originally, there were two towering columns that marked the termination point of the famous Via Appia, one of the earliest and most strategically important Roman roads that connected Rome to Brindisi. These columns have stood as silent sentinels over the port for centuries, witnessing the ebb and flow of history.

Local legends and historical accounts attribute the construction of these columns to various figures, including Hercules, who was believed to be the mythical founder of Brindisi, and the Roman emperor Trajan, who extended the Via Appia to reach this coastal city. However, the style of the surviving column's capital suggests that it may have been constructed during the Antonine or Severan dynasties in the 2nd or early 3rd century AD. The use of diverse marbles and the incorporation of pagan deities in the design hint at a later date, possibly even the Byzantine era.

A Tale of Two Columns

Originally, the site featured two identical columns, creating a striking architectural ensemble. Unfortunately, in 1528, one of the columns collapsed, likely due to a strong earthquake. The fallen column lay in ruins for over a century until the pieces were eventually transported to Lecce in 1657. There, the remnants were repurposed to construct a monument to Saint Oronzo, the patron saint who was credited with protecting the region from the plague.

The surviving column, which still stands proudly today, was dismantled during World War II to prevent damage from the bombings that ravaged Brindisi. It was meticulously restored between 1996 and 2002, with the original capital now housed in the Palazzo Granafei-Nervegna. A replica adorns the top of the column, which continues to be a symbol of the city's rich heritage.

Exploring the Monument

As you approach the End of the Via Appia Antica, you'll be greeted by an impressive flight of stone steps leading up to the column. The steps themselves are a popular spot for locals and tourists alike to sit and soak in the atmosphere. The column, made of Proconnesian marble, stands at a towering height of 18.74 meters. Its base measures 4.44 meters, with the column itself comprising eight segments, or rocchi, and a capital that is intricately decorated with depictions of four deities and eight tritons amidst acanthus leaves.

The column's pedestal bears an inscription that recalls the reconstruction of Brindisi, possibly in the 9th century, after the city was devastated by Saracen invasions. This inscription is a poignant reminder of the resilience and enduring spirit of the city's inhabitants.

The Columns' Celebratory Purpose

While the columns have long been thought to mark the end of the Via Appia, some scholars suggest that their primary function was celebratory rather than practical. Positioned prominently at the port's edge, the columns may have supported bronze statues, serving as a grandiose welcome to travelers arriving by sea. This theory is supported by the visual relationship between the columns and the port's entrance, emphasizing their role as monumental markers rather than navigational aids.

Interestingly, the two columns erected by the Venetians in Piazza San Marco, featuring the Lion of Saint Mark and the statue of Saint Theodore, are believed to be medieval replicas inspired by the original columns of Brindisi. This connection underscores the far-reaching influence of Brindisi's architectural heritage.

A Visit to Remember

Visiting the End of the Via Appia Antica offers a unique opportunity to connect with the ancient world while enjoying the vibrant ambiance of modern Brindisi. The site provides stunning views of the port and the Adriatic Sea, making it an ideal spot for photography and quiet contemplation. As you stand beside the column, take a moment to reflect on the countless travelers who have passed this way over the millennia, each leaving their mark on the storied history of Brindisi.

In conclusion, the End of the Via Appia Antica is more than just a historical monument; it is a symbol of the enduring legacy of the Roman Empire and the resilient spirit of Brindisi. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, this site promises a memorable and enriching experience. So, the next time you find yourself in Brindisi, be sure to climb the steps and stand in awe of this magnificent testament to the past.