Exchange and Provost Building

Step into the heart of Charleston, South Carolina, and you'll find yourself drawn to the Old Exchange & Provost Dungeon, a building that stands as a testament to the city's rich and turbulent history. This historic gem, located at the corner of East Bay and Broad Streets, is not just an architectural marvel but a storied landmark that has played a pivotal role in the American narrative.

The Architectural Elegance of the Old Exchange

The Old Exchange is a striking example of Georgian architecture, with its two-story masonry structure crowned by a hipped roof and a distinctive cupola. The building's facade is a harmonious blend of symmetry and elegance, featuring a central gabled section with three round-arch openings that invite visitors into its historical depths. Ionic pilasters frame the sash windows on the second floor, adding a touch of classical beauty to its robust design. Flanking the central section are Palladian windows set on brick bases, offering a glimpse into the architectural tastes of the 18th century.

A Journey Through Time

Constructed between 1767 and 1771, the Old Exchange has been a silent witness to the unfolding chapters of American history. Originally built by South Carolina's provincial government, it served multiple civic purposes, including functioning as a custom house, public market, and meeting place. But its most notorious role came during the American Revolutionary War when the British used its basement as a military prison. Known as the Provost Dungeon, this subterranean space once held prisoners of war, a grim reminder of the city's wartime struggles.

Revolutionary Moments

The Old Exchange was more than just a building; it was a stage for revolutionary fervor. In 1774, confiscated tea was stored here, a bold statement of defiance against British rule. The building also hosted South Carolina's revolutionary leadership councils, becoming a hub of political activity. When the British captured Charleston in 1780, they transformed the Exchange into a barracks, further embedding it into the city's revolutionary narrative.

George Washington's Visit

In 1788, the building played host to a significant event: the South Carolina convention to ratify the United States Constitution. It was also during this period that George Washington graced Charleston with his presence. The balcony of the Old Exchange became a platform from which he addressed the eager crowd, adding yet another layer to its historical significance.

A Dark Chapter: The Slave Trade

The Old Exchange's history is not without its darker moments. From colonial times until the mid-19th century, the area in front of the building was a site where enslaved individuals were sold. This painful chapter serves as a stark reminder of the city's complex past, a past that is acknowledged and remembered within the museum's exhibits today.

Surviving Through the Ages

Throughout its long history, the Old Exchange has weathered many storms, both literal and metaphorical. It served as a post office in the 19th century, and during the American Civil War, it remained a Confederate post office, even as it sustained damage from shelling. In the 20th century, it found new life as army headquarters during World War I and a USO facility during World War II.

Preservation and Legacy

In 1913, the building was entrusted to the Daughters of the American Revolution, who have preserved it with dedication and care. Today, it operates as a museum, offering guided tours that transport visitors back in time. The Provost Dungeon, once home to animatronic figures, now features personal tours led by knowledgeable docents who bring its stories to life.

Discovering the Half-Moon Battery

In 1965, an exciting archaeological discovery was made beneath the Old Exchange: the Half-Moon Battery, a fortification dating back to 1698. This find added yet another layer to the building's rich tapestry of history, connecting it to Charleston's early defensive efforts.

Visiting the Old Exchange Today

Today, the Old Exchange & Provost Dungeon stands as a National Historic Landmark, a symbol of Charleston's enduring spirit and resilience. Visitors can explore its three floors, each offering a unique glimpse into the past. From the tales of Revolutionary War prisoners to the echoes of George Washington's visit, the building invites you to step back in time and experience the history that shaped a nation.

In conclusion, the Old Exchange & Provost Dungeon is not just a building; it's a living museum, a place where history is preserved and shared. Whether you're a history enthusiast or a curious traveler, a visit to this iconic landmark is an unforgettable journey through the annals of American history, right in the heart of Charleston.