Basilique Saint Jean Baptiste de Chaumont

The Basilique Saint Jean Baptiste de Chaumont, known locally as Basilique Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Chaumont, is a stunning Gothic-style basilica that stands as the principal religious edifice in the charming town of Chaumont, France. Dominating the northwestern edge of the Chaumont plateau with its twin towers, this basilica is not only a place of worship but also a remarkable piece of history and architecture that beckons visitors from near and far.

The History of Basilique Saint Jean Baptiste de Chaumont

The origins of the Basilique Saint Jean Baptiste de Chaumont date back to the early 13th century. It was constructed to accommodate a growing population and quickly became a significant religious center thanks to numerous donations, particularly from the local bailiffs of Chaumont. On December 18, 1474, Pope Sixtus IV elevated the church to the status of a collegiate church, marking the beginning of a new chapter in its illustrious history.

The basilica underwent substantial renovations and expansions from 1517 to 1543, during which time it was richly decorated, particularly in the 18th century. In 1948, it was designated as a minor basilica, further cementing its importance in the religious and cultural landscape of Chaumont.

Architectural Marvels

The architectural beauty of the Basilique Saint Jean Baptiste de Chaumont is a testament to the Gothic style that flourished during its construction. The west-facing façade and the nave, dating back to the 13th century, are prime examples of this style. The entrance, known as the Saint-Jean portal, is located on the south side and is typical of the 14th-century Gothic design. The choir and transept, built between the 15th and 16th centuries, add to the basilica's architectural grandeur.

Remarkable Interior and Artifacts

Stepping inside the basilica, visitors are greeted by an array of remarkable furniture and artworks. Among the most notable pieces are those created by Jean-Baptiste Bouchardon, including the master altar currently housed in the Chapel of the Rosary, the pulpit, and the banc d'œuvre located opposite the pulpit. These works of art are a testament to the craftsmanship and artistic vision of the period.

One of the basilica's most intriguing features is a 15th-century entombment scene located in a chapel to the left of the western door. This piece was donated by the d'Amboise family, who were the bailiffs of Chaumont. The chapel's painted ceiling is believed to depict Jean IV d'Amboise and his wife, Catherine de Saint-Belin.

The modern stained glass windows, crafted by Calixte Poupart, add a touch of contemporary artistry to the basilica's historical ambiance. Additionally, the basilica is home to a remarkable high-relief sculpture of the Tree of Jesse, dating from the first quarter of the 16th century. This limestone masterpiece stands 4.5 meters tall and 3.2 meters wide at its base, depicting Jesse asleep with the tree bearing a dozen figures and crowned by the Virgin and Child. The intricate details, such as David with his harp and the head of Goliath, make this a must-see for visitors.

The Organs

The Basilique Saint Jean Baptiste de Chaumont boasts two magnificent organs. The grand organ, a Cavaillé-Coll masterpiece dating from 1872, was inaugurated by the renowned Parisian organist Charles-Marie Widor. This organ features 36 stops, distributed across three manuals and a pedalboard, housed in a Louis XV-style case that was expanded by Cavaillé-Coll to accommodate the pedal stops. From 1990 to 2012, Vincent Freppel served as the organist, succeeding Annette Merer, who held the position from 1962 to 1982.

The choir organ, crafted by Jaquot-Jeanpierre of Rambervillers in the Vosges in 1891, consists of a single manual with seven stops and a 27-note pedalboard without independent stops. The case is designed in a neo-Gothic style, complementing the basilica's overall architectural theme.

Ongoing Restoration

Starting in 2021, the Basilique Saint Jean Baptiste de Chaumont embarked on an extensive restoration program, aimed at preserving both the structure and its cultural treasures, such as the paintings and sculptures housed within. This ambitious project, with a budget of 12 million euros, is expected to span a decade, ensuring that future generations can continue to marvel at this historical gem.

In conclusion, the Basilique Saint Jean Baptiste de Chaumont is more than just a place of worship; it is a beacon of history, art, and culture. Its Gothic architecture, rich history, and remarkable collection of artifacts make it an unmissable destination for anyone visiting Chaumont. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply a curious traveler, the basilica offers a captivating glimpse into the past and a serene space for reflection and admiration.