Church of Notre-Dame of Dijon

The Church of Notre-Dame of Dijon, known locally as église Notre-Dame de Dijon, stands as a magnificent example of Gothic architecture in the heart of Dijon, France. This architectural gem, constructed between the 1220s and 1250s, is not only a religious sanctuary but also a testament to the ingenuity and artistry of medieval builders. Nestled in the bustling town square, the church is a beacon of history, spirituality, and culture, drawing visitors from around the globe.

The History of the Church of Notre-Dame of Dijon

The site of the Church of Notre-Dame of Dijon has a storied past that dates back to a simple chapel dedicated to Sainte-Marie before the 12th century. By 1137, this modest chapel had become an integral part of the city's religious life, evolving into a parish within the city walls. The Romanesque structure that replaced the initial chapel around 1150 played a significant role in Dijon’s civic life, becoming the venue for the swearing-in of new mayors and the safekeeping of municipal archives.

In the 13th century, the citizens of Dijon embarked on an ambitious project to erect the current Gothic church. The architect, whose identity remains a mystery, faced the challenge of limited space in a densely populated area. Ingeniously, he designed the church to support the weight of the roof on pillars rather than the traditional flying buttresses, maximizing the usable interior space.

By the 18th century, the church had garnered admiration from notable figures such as the architect Soufflot and military engineer Vauban, who praised its architectural splendor. The 19th-century restoration, led by Parisian architects Emile Boeswillwald, Eugène Millet, and Charles Laisné, aimed to restore the church to its original grandeur, removing later additions and repairing damaged sculptures.

Architectural Marvels

The Church of Notre-Dame of Dijon is a masterpiece of Gothic architecture, both in its exterior and interior design. The church spans 65 meters in length and features a striking western façade measuring 28.6 meters in height and 19.5 meters in width. This façade, unique in French Gothic architecture, serves as an impressive screen that conceals the church’s internal structure. It consists of three levels, with the first level featuring three large arcades that form the entrance porch, supported by two rows of pillars. Above these arcades, two superimposed galleries of arcatures rest on seventeen single-piece columns, adorned with faux gargoyles and metopes.

The interior of the church follows a Latin cross plan, with a nave preceded by a porch and a vast tribune above. The central vessel, flanked by aisles, comprises three levels: six large arcades supported by cylindrical piers, a triforium, and high windows. The transept is prominently featured, with its gables showcasing five lancet windows topped by a rose window. The crossing of the transept is crowned by a lantern tower, which includes a triforium and eight large windows.

The Iconic Gargoyles

One of the most distinctive features of the Church of Notre-Dame of Dijon is its array of decorative gargoyles. Unlike traditional gargoyles, which function as water spouts, the 51 gargoyles adorning the western façade are purely ornamental. These whimsical sculptures, depicting humans, animals, and mythical creatures, were added during the 19th-century restoration by seven Parisian sculptors. The original gargoyles were removed around 1240 after a tragic accident involving a falling sculpture.

The Jacquemart Clock

A visit to the Church of Notre-Dame of Dijon would be incomplete without admiring the Jacquemart clock, a beloved symbol of the city. This clock, featuring four metal automatons, was brought to Dijon from Courtrai, Belgium, by Philip the Bold in 1382. The main automaton, Jacquemart, strikes the hour on a large bell, while his wife, Jacqueline, and their children, Jacquelinet and Jacquelinette, strike the quarter hours on smaller bells. The clock has been a cherished feature of the church since its installation in 1383, with additional figures added in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Exploring the Church

As you step inside the Church of Notre-Dame of Dijon, you'll be transported back in time. The church's interior is a harmonious blend of light and shadow, with its high vaulted ceilings and intricate stonework creating a sense of awe. The nave, transept, and choir are adorned with beautiful stained glass windows, including depictions of saints and biblical scenes.

Be sure to visit the Chapel of the Assumption and the sacristy, both of which are listed as historic monuments. These spaces offer a glimpse into the church's rich liturgical history and house various religious artifacts.

A Symbol of Dijon

The Church of Notre-Dame of Dijon is more than just a place of worship; it is a symbol of the city's heritage and resilience. Its iconic façade, adorned with gargoyles and the Jacquemart clock, stands as a testament to the creativity and craftsmanship of the medieval builders. As you explore this magnificent church, you'll discover the layers of history and tradition that have shaped Dijon over the centuries.

Whether you're a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, the Church of Notre-Dame of Dijon offers a captivating journey through time. Its blend of Gothic grandeur and local legends makes it an unmissable landmark in the heart of this charming French city.