Standing proudly on The Green in Dover, Delaware, the Old Statehouse is a captivating testament to American history and Georgian architecture. This two-story brick building, constructed between 1787 and 1792, has witnessed pivotal moments in the state's and the nation's history. Its elegant design, historical significance, and the stories it holds make it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike.
The Old Statehouse is an exemplary model of Middle Georgian architecture. The building's front facade is adorned with a fanlight over the center door, and a Palladian window graces the second floor, creating a visual balance and symmetry that is both pleasing and imposing. The structure's brickwork, laid in Flemish bond at the front and Liverpool bond on the sides, showcases the craftsmanship of the era. Topped with a shingled side-gabled roof and an octagonal cupola, the Statehouse stands as a beacon of historical elegance.
Over the years, the building has seen several modifications. Attached wings were added between 1836 and 1926, and a Victorian-style mansard roof was briefly introduced in 1873. However, the 1976 restoration returned the Statehouse to its original Georgian splendor, allowing visitors to experience the building as it was intended by its 18th-century builders.
The Old Statehouse is not just an architectural gem; it is also a repository of Delaware's rich history. From 1792 to 1932, it served as the sole seat of the state government, and from 1792 until 1873, it also functioned as the Kent County Courthouse. This dual role underscores the building's importance in the administrative and judicial life of Delaware.
One of the most significant events in American history took place here on December 7, 1787, when Delaware became the first state to ratify the Federal Constitution. This momentous occasion earned Delaware its nickname, The First State. The Old Statehouse also played a role during the Civil War era; on January 3, 1861, the General Assembly of Delaware, the northernmost slave state, expressed its disapproval of secession within these very walls.
Stepping inside the Old Statehouse is like stepping back in time. The interior, meticulously restored to reflect its original appearance, offers a glimpse into 18th-century life. The courtroom, with its wooden benches and judge's bench, evokes the legal proceedings that once took place here. The legislative chambers, where lawmakers debated and crafted the state's early laws, are a testament to Delaware's political heritage.
The building also houses several exhibits that provide insights into its history and the broader history of Delaware. Visitors can learn about the state's role in the American Revolution, the Civil War, and other significant periods. The exhibits feature artifacts, documents, and interactive displays that engage visitors of all ages.
The Old Statehouse is situated on The Green, a historic square in the heart of Dover's colonial district. The Green is surrounded by other historic buildings, including the Kent County Courthouse and several former private homes now used as state or professional offices. This picturesque setting enhances the experience of visiting the Old Statehouse, providing a sense of stepping into a bygone era.
Adjacent to The Green is a large open space laid out around 1930, surrounded by additional state buildings designed in Georgian style to harmonize with the Old Statehouse. This Capitol Buildings Complex, with its blend of old and new structures, underscores the continuity of Delaware's governmental and architectural heritage.
Today, the Old Statehouse is part of the Delaware National Historic Park and operates as a museum managed by the Delaware Division of Historic and Cultural Affairs. The museum offers free tours Monday through Saturday from 9:00 AM to 4:30 PM and on Sundays from 1:30 PM to 4:30 PM. These tours provide an in-depth look at the building's history, architecture, and the significant events that took place within its walls.
Visitors can also participate in special programs and events that bring history to life. From reenactments and lectures to hands-on activities for children, the museum offers a variety of ways to engage with Delaware's past. The knowledgeable and passionate staff are always on hand to answer questions and share fascinating stories about the Old Statehouse and its role in American history.
In conclusion, the Old Statehouse in Dover is more than just a historic building; it is a symbol of Delaware's rich heritage and its pivotal role in the founding of the United States. Its elegant architecture, storied past, and engaging exhibits make it an essential stop for anyone visiting Dover. Whether you're a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply looking for a unique and educational experience, the Old Statehouse promises to captivate and inspire.
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