German Hygiene Museum

The German Hygiene Museum, or Deutsches Hygiene-Museum, stands as a beacon of science, culture, and society in the heart of Dresden, Germany. Founded in 1912 by Karl August Lingner, an entrepreneur known for his Odol mouthwash, the museum was envisioned as a public educational institution dedicated to health and hygiene. Today, it draws about 280,000 visitors annually, making it one of Dresden's most popular museums.

The History of the German Hygiene Museum

The museum's origins trace back to the First International Hygiene Exhibition, which showcased advancements in public health and sanitation. Lingner's vision was to improve the health conditions of the general population, particularly the less affluent, by educating them about hygiene and health care. The museum initially focused on human anatomy, nutrition, and personal hygiene, employing innovative and accessible presentation methods.

In 1930, the museum moved into its current building, designed by Wilhelm Kreis in a style that blends neoclassicism with Bauhaus influences. This building became home to the Second International Hygiene Exhibition and introduced the museum's iconic logo, an eye design by Willy Petzold, which remains in use today. Among the museum's most famous exhibits are the Transparent Man and Transparent Woman, models crafted from Cellon, a transparent plastic, to illustrate human anatomy.

The Museum's Role During the Nazi Era

During the Third Reich, the museum's mission was manipulated to serve the regime's racial hygiene propaganda. Exhibits like the New Eugenics in Germany and Wonders of Life were showcased both domestically and internationally, drawing millions of visitors. These exhibitions, however, were marred by pseudoscientific ideologies and served as platforms for the regime's discriminatory policies. The museum was also associated with the State Academy for Racial and Health Care, a hub for racial propaganda and education.

Despite suffering significant damage during the bombing of Dresden in February 1945, the museum was rebuilt during the DDR era. It continued to function as a center for public health education, similar to the Federal Centre for Health Education in West Germany. The museum also served as a WHO Collaborating Center for Health Education from 1982 to 1991.

Exploring the Museum Today

The German Hygiene Museum underwent extensive renovations from 2001 to 2005, revitalizing its exhibitions and infrastructure. The permanent exhibition, Adventure Human Being, explores the human body and health within societal and cultural contexts. It is divided into seven thematic areas, including The Transparent Man, Life and Death, Eating and Drinking, and Sexualities, among others. These exhibits are designed to be interactive and engaging, with some models specifically created to be tactile for visually impaired visitors.

The museum also hosts a children's museum, Our Five Senses, which offers playful and educational insights into human sensory perception. This space is particularly popular with families and school groups, providing a hands-on learning experience for younger audiences.

Special Exhibitions and Programs

The German Hygiene Museum is renowned for its dynamic special exhibitions that tackle both contemporary and historical issues. These exhibitions are curated by interdisciplinary teams, often in collaboration with international partners. Notable past exhibitions include Cosmos in the Head – Brain and Thinking, The (Im)perfect Human, and Deadly Medicine – Racial Madness in National Socialism.

In addition to exhibitions, the museum hosts a wide array of events, including lectures, discussions, readings, and concerts. Its conference center is a versatile venue for external events, accommodating several hundred participants.

The Museum's Cultural Significance

In 2012, the museum celebrated its centennial, marking 100 years of contribution to public health education and cultural discourse. It was recognized as a cultural lighthouse in the Blue Book, a list of nationally significant cultural institutions in East Germany.

The German Hygiene Museum continues to evolve, reflecting new scientific discoveries and societal changes. It stands not only as a museum but as a forum for dialogue and education, addressing the complexities of human health and the human condition.

Visiting the German Hygiene Museum offers a unique opportunity to delve into the intersections of science, culture, and society. Whether you're exploring the intricacies of the human body or engaging with thought-provoking exhibitions, the museum promises an enriching experience that resonates with visitors of all ages.