Franciscan Church and Monastery

The Franciscan Church and Monastery (Franjevački samostan i crkva u Dubrovniku) in Dubrovnik, Croatia, is a magnificent testament to the city's rich history and architectural prowess. Nestled along the bustling Placa, Dubrovnik's main street, this grand complex is a serene oasis amidst the city's vibrant life. It not only serves as a place of worship but also as a repository of history, art, and culture, making it a must-visit for anyone exploring Dubrovnik.

A Brief History

The origins of the Franciscan Church and Monastery date back to the 13th century when the first monastery was constructed outside the city walls. However, in 1317, a new monastery was built within the fortified walls near the Pile Gate, a strategic location that offered better protection. The construction of this new monastery spanned several centuries, reflecting the evolving architectural styles and the city's tumultuous history.

Tragically, the church was devastated by the catastrophic earthquake of 1667, which obliterated many of its original features, including a statue by the renowned sculptor Pietro di Martino da Milano. Despite this, the church was meticulously rebuilt, and today, visitors can still admire the only surviving element from the original structure - the intricately decorated portal. This portal, crafted in 1498 by the artisans Leonard and Petar Petrović, is a stunning example of Gothic artistry, featuring a nearly life-sized Pietà surrounded by figures of St. Jerome and St. John the Baptist, with the Creator depicted above them.

Architectural Marvels

The interior of the Franciscan Church, rebuilt in the Baroque style, is a sight to behold. The single nave design exudes an air of grandeur and solemnity. One of the remarkable features that survived the 1667 earthquake is the marble pulpit, a testament to the resilience and continuity of the church's history. The main altar, created by the sculptor Celia de Ancona in 1713, is adorned with a statue of the resurrected Christ, flanked by four twisted marble columns, adding to the altar's majestic presence.

The church also boasts five side altars, sculpted by the Venetian artist Giuseppe Sardi between 1684 and 1696. Each altar is a masterpiece in its own right, with intricate carvings and rich decorations. The altar of St. Francis, in particular, features paintings by the celebrated artist Celestin Medović, created in 1888. The church is also the final resting place of the famous Croatian poet Ivan Gundulić, whose legacy continues to inspire generations.

The Monastery Complex

The Franciscan Monastery, constructed in 1360 by the master builder Mihoje Brajkov of Bar, is an architectural gem. The monastery features two cloisters, each showcasing different styles and periods. The upper cloister, built in the Renaissance style, is characterized by its semi-circular arches and vaulted ceilings, creating a sense of openness and light. In contrast, the lower cloister, designed in the Romanesque-Gothic style, features 120 columns and 12 heavy pilasters, forming a picturesque colonnade. The capitals of these columns are adorned with a variety of figures, including geometric shapes, plants, humans, and animals, each telling its own story.

The Treasures Within

The monastery's library, established in the 17th century, is a treasure trove of knowledge and history. It houses over 20,000 books, including 1,200 valuable ancient manuscripts, 137 incunabula (books printed before 1501), and seven ancient church choir books. The library also holds the inventory of the ancient Pharmacy of the Minor Friars, dating back to 1317. This pharmacy is one of the oldest in the world still in operation, offering a fascinating glimpse into the history of medicine.

The monastery museum showcases a remarkable collection of liturgical objects, including a gilded silver cross from the 15th century, a silver censer, an 18th-century crucifix from Jerusalem, and several paintings by old masters, such as the Ecce Homo by Francesco Raibolini, also known as Francesco Francia. Among the most prized relics is a 14th-century relic of Saint Ursula, adding to the museum's rich and diverse collection.

Modern-Day Resilience

The Franciscan Church and Monastery have not only withstood the test of time but also the ravages of war. During the conflict in 1991, the library and the bell tower sustained damage, yet the spirit of resilience and restoration prevailed. Today, the complex stands as a symbol of Dubrovnik's enduring heritage and cultural richness.

In conclusion, the Franciscan Church and Monastery in Dubrovnik is more than just a religious site; it is a living museum that encapsulates centuries of history, art, and culture. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an art lover, or a curious traveler, a visit to this magnificent complex promises a journey through time, offering insights into the past and inspirations for the future.