Nestled near the ancient aqueduct of Água de Prata in Évora, Portugal, the Convento da Cartuxa, also known as the Cartuxa Monastery or the Monastery of Santa Maria Scala Coeli, stands as a testament to centuries of religious devotion and architectural splendor. This serene sanctuary, the first charterhouse built in Portugal, offers visitors a glimpse into the contemplative life of the Carthusian monks and the rich history that has unfolded within its walls.
The story of Convento da Cartuxa begins in 1587, when Teotonio de Bragança, the Archbishop of Évora, founded the monastery under the title of Sancta Mariae Scalæ Cœli, which translates to Stairway to Heaven. The site chosen for the monastery was the former royal palace, and it was here that a community of monks from the Charterhouse of Scala Dei in Spain took residence. Construction of the buildings began in earnest in 1593 and was completed by 1598, allowing the monks to fully occupy their new home.
The grand cloister and the church, which are among the most significant structures within the monastery, were constructed between 1615 and 1621. These buildings have witnessed numerous historical events, including the Spanish invasion of 1663, which caused significant damage. It wasn't until 1694 that the monastery was fully restored, thanks to a generous donation from King Peter II of Portugal.
The monastery faced further trials in the early 19th century. In 1808, it was sacked by French troops, leaving it in a state of disrepair. The situation worsened in 1834 when a law was passed by Joaquim António de Aguiar, closing all convents, monasteries, colleges, hospices, and other religious houses. The vast properties of these institutions were seized by the Portuguese state and integrated into the national treasury. The majority of the assets from Évora were allocated to the local hospital.
For a time, the building served as an agricultural school until it was sold in 1869 to José Maria Eugénio de Almeida, the Count of Vilalva. The monastery was declared a national monument in 1910, ensuring its preservation for future generations. In the mid-20th century, Vasco Maria Eugénio de Almeida, the great-grandson of José Maria, initiated a restoration project and invited the Carthusian monks to return in 1960, with the consent of the Archbishop of Évora, Manuel Trindade Salgueiro.
By 2012, the monastery was home to a small community of monks, including seven Spaniards, two Portuguese, and one American, along with a variable number of novices. However, in 2019, the last four monks residing at the monastery relocated to another charterhouse in Spain. Following their departure, a new congregation, the Servants of the Lord and the Virgin of Matara, took residence in the monastery.
Visitors to Convento da Cartuxa are immediately struck by the grandeur of its façade, a stunning example of Baroque architecture. The intricate details and symmetrical design reflect the artistic and architectural trends of the time. Inside, the grand cloister offers a peaceful retreat, with its elegant arches and serene atmosphere inviting contemplation and reflection.
The church, another highlight of the monastery, features beautiful altarpieces and religious artwork that provide insight into the spiritual life of the Carthusian monks. The simplicity and austerity of the design are in keeping with the order's emphasis on solitude and prayer.
The monastery's library was once home to a collection of precious documents, including a universal atlas manuscript that belonged to the founder, Archbishop Teotonio de Bragança. This atlas, created by the Portuguese cosmographer Fernão Vaz Dourado in 1572, is a testament to the advanced knowledge of geography held by the Portuguese long before the voyages of Columbus. The valuable collection was transferred to the National Archives Institute in Lisbon following the suppression of religious orders in 1834.
While exploring the grounds of Convento da Cartuxa, visitors can appreciate the tranquility and beauty of the surrounding landscape. The proximity to the ancient aqueduct of Água de Prata adds to the historical ambiance, connecting the monastery to the broader history of Évora and its Roman heritage.
In conclusion, Convento da Cartuxa is not just a historical monument but a living testament to the enduring legacy of the Carthusian order in Portugal. Its walls have witnessed centuries of devotion, resilience, and renewal, making it a must-visit destination for those seeking to understand the rich tapestry of Portuguese history and spirituality. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply in search of a peaceful retreat, the Convento da Cartuxa offers a unique and enriching experience.
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