Frauenfeld Castle

Frauenfeld Castle, known locally as Schloss Frauenfeld, stands proudly in the southwest corner of the old town of Frauenfeld, Switzerland, overlooking the serene banks of the Murg River. This historical gem, with its 19-meter-high keep, is a testament to medieval architecture and the rich history of the region. Dating back to the early 13th century, Frauenfeld Castle offers visitors a captivating journey through time, with its storied past and well-preserved structures.

The Medieval Beginnings

The origins of Frauenfeld Castle trace back to around 1230 when the powerful Kyburg family, who ruled the Landgraviate of Thurgau, erected a formidable keep on the molasse rock above the Murg. This keep, built from large boulders, remains the centerpiece of the castle complex today. The original entrance, accessible via a wooden gallery, was located at what is now the second floor, and this entrance is still in use. The small room within, with its thick walls and tiny windows, was heated by an open hearth, providing a glimpse into the medieval lifestyle.

By 1264, the Kyburg line had ended, and the castle passed into the hands of Rudolf of Habsburg. Under the Habsburgs, the castle was expanded, including the addition of a bailey, likely featuring a defensive walkway and wooden structures. The castle became the seat of a Habsburg-Austrian administrator, marking its importance in the region. Notable figures such as Jakob of Frauenfeld, who served as the bailiff and later as the chamberlain to King Albert I, are part of the castle's rich history.

Expansion and Fortification

In the late 14th century, the castle changed hands to the Lords of Hohenlandenberg. Following an unsuccessful attack by the Appenzellers in 1407, the new owners dug a deep moat between the castle and the town, surrounding it with a robust double ring wall. This fortification included a small door in the inner wall, allowing the castle's lord to exit even when the town gates were closed. The castle's distinctive appearance, with its jettied timber-framed upper floors, dates from this period. The first ground-level entrance, still in use today, was also created at this time.

As the 15th century drew to a close, the Swiss Confederates conquered Thurgau, gradually establishing their rule. By the end of the Swabian War in 1499, the castle became the permanent residence of the bailiffs, who rotated every two years. In 1534, the Swiss Confederates purchased the castle, which then served as the seat for the bailiffs from the seven old cantons, and later also from Bern. The bailiffs made several modifications, including enlarging the windows and creating a grand courtroom on the second floor.

Modern Transformations

The French Revolution in 1798 brought an end to the old order, and the bailiffs ceased to reside in the castle. In 1803, the newly independent Canton of Thurgau took ownership of the castle, initially using it for housing. By 1809, it served as a provisional correctional facility, a phase that ended in 1811 when the institution moved to Tobel. Subsequently, the castle became an administrative building for the state treasury, with the state treasurer's residence included. Significant alterations followed, including the addition of a building against the town hall to house the financial administration, and the installation of the state treasury in the keep.

In 1864, the construction of a new government building rendered the castle redundant as an administrative center, leading to its sale. However, local resistance prevented its demolition and replacement with a new structure. In 1867, Judge Johann Jakob Bachmann-Wegelin purchased the castle for his son, who transformed it into residential apartments. The Bachmann family resided there until at least 1895, and in 1955, Marie Elise Bachmann bequeathed the castle to the canton, with the condition that it house the Historical Museum of Thurgau.

The Historical Museum of Thurgau

In 1960, as Thurgau celebrated 500 years of association with the Swiss Confederation, Frauenfeld Castle was fully restored, both inside and out. The Historical Museum of Thurgau was established within its walls, showcasing prehistoric and historical collections, including the renowned Frauenfeld Mitre. The second floor features a room dedicated to the Bachmann family, filled with objects from their time in the castle.

Today, Frauenfeld Castle stands as a symbol of the region's rich history, offering visitors a unique glimpse into the past. Its well-preserved structures and fascinating exhibits make it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike. Whether you are exploring the medieval keep, wandering through the grand courtroom, or admiring the historical artifacts, Frauenfeld Castle promises an unforgettable journey through time.