Fulda Cathedral

Fulda Cathedral, known locally as Fuldaer Dom, stands as a magnificent testament to Baroque architecture in the heart of Fulda, Hessen, Germany. This grand edifice, the cathedral church of the Diocese of Fulda, serves as the final resting place of Saint Boniface and is a focal point for the Boniface pilgrimage. As the centerpiece of Fulda's Baroque quarter, the cathedral is not only a religious symbol but also the city's most recognizable landmark.

The Rich History of Fulda Cathedral

The foundation for Fulda Cathedral's construction was laid under the auspices of Prince-Abbot Adalbert von Schleifras between 1704 and 1712, with the renowned Baroque architect Johann Dientzenhofer at the helm. The cathedral was consecrated on August 15, 1712, under the patronage of Christ the Savior. Initially serving as the abbey church of Fulda Monastery, it was elevated to cathedral status in 1752.

Interestingly, the financial resources for the cathedral's construction were amassed through the frugality of Adalbert's predecessor, Prince-Abbot Placidus von Droste. Dientzenhofer's design, inspired by his studies in Rome, notably references St. Peter's Basilica. The construction commenced on April 23, 1704, utilizing parts of the foundation from the preceding Ratgar Basilica, which was once the largest basilica north of the Alps. The raw structure was completed by 1707, roofed by 1708, and fully adorned by 1712.

The cathedral has witnessed several historical events, including a fire in 1905 caused by a firework during the 1150th death anniversary of Saint Boniface. This unfortunate incident led to the destruction of the right tower and the loss of two bells, Osanna and Bonifatius. The cathedral also sustained damage during World War II, but restoration efforts were concluded by 1954. A significant visit by Pope John Paul II in 1980 saw over 100,000 faithful gather at the cathedral square to welcome him.

Architectural Marvels of Fulda Cathedral

Fulda Cathedral's floor plan is a cross-shaped, three-aisled pillar basilica with north and south transepts. The central crossing is crowned by a 39-meter-high dome. The 99-meter-long nave extends westward, flanked by two 65-meter-high façade towers to the east, alongside external dome chapels dedicated to Saint Andrew and Saint John. The high altar, located in the central nave, is followed by the high choir and the crypt of Saint Boniface beneath it. The side aisles run parallel to the main nave, culminating at the Marian Chapel on the right and the sacristy on the left, forming a double cross layout.

Exterior Grandeur and Bell Towers

The cathedral's façade is framed by two closely positioned bell towers, each standing 65 meters tall. These towers are divided into four stories by profiled cornices and feature life-sized sandstone statues of Saint Sturmius and Saint Boniface. The third story houses copper and gilded clock faces for both a mechanical and a sundial. The tower helmets are designed with a unique double-curved dome, an open lantern, and a smaller dome with a spire, pineapple finial, and a tower cross.

The main portal is flanked by robust three-quarter columns and half-pilasters, supporting an architrave, a frieze with triglyphs, and a pronounced cornice. Two large angels holding the coat of arms of Prince-Abbot Adalbert von Schleifras adorn the architrave. The portal door is richly decorated with Corinthian pilasters, frames, and wrought-iron fittings. The upper façade features a large arched window surrounded by columns, ornaments, and vases, with statues of Fulda's patron saints, Simplizius and Faustinus, as knights.

Interior Splendor and Artistic Elements

The interior of Fulda Cathedral is a study in contrasts, with white walls and stucco work set against black and gold architectural elements. Giovanni Battista Artari, a master stucco artist, created the interior stucco and life-sized apostle figures. The dome, inspired by the Church of the Gesù in Rome, features well-preserved frescoes by Luca Antonio Colomba, depicting the four evangelists. The niches of the dome house statues of archangels Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael, as well as a guardian angel guiding a child towards heaven. The dome lantern is adorned with a stucco figure representing the Holy Spirit as a dove in a radiant halo.

The High Altar and Its Symbolism

The high altar, a collaborative masterpiece by sculptor Johann Neudecker and stucco artist Giovanni Battista Artari, was consecrated on August 15, 1712. The altar's design, reminiscent of the ciborium of St. Peter's Basilica and the altar of the Church of Santa Trinità dei Monti in Rome, features black marble columns with golden Corinthian capitals. These columns support golden volutes that culminate in a cloud with angels, topped by a statue of the Assumption of Mary. Above this, a Trinity group in stucco completes the celestial scene.

Fulda Cathedral is not just a place of worship but a living museum of Baroque art and architecture. Its rich history, architectural splendor, and artistic treasures make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring Fulda. Whether you are drawn by its religious significance, historical importance, or sheer beauty, Fulda Cathedral promises an unforgettable experience.