Liebfrauenmünster

In the heart of Ingolstadt, Bavaria, stands the magnificent Liebfrauenmünster, also known locally as Münster Zur Schönen Unserer Lieben Frau. This grand edifice is a testament to the rich history and architectural prowess of the late Gothic period, captivating visitors with its imposing structure and fascinating past.

The History of Liebfrauenmünster

The origins of Liebfrauenmünster date back to the early 15th century. Before the construction of this monumental church, a wooden church occupied the site. The decision to build a new, grander church came in 1407 when the city of Ingolstadt was divided into two parishes. The Liebfrauenmünster was intended to serve the upper parish, distinguishing it from the lower parish church of St. Moritz.

Construction of the church began in 1425, funded by Duke Ludwig VII of Bavaria, who envisioned it as his burial church. However, fate had other plans as Ludwig died in captivity and was ultimately buried in the Raitenhaslach Abbey. Despite this, his contributions to the church were significant. In 1438, he donated a valuable Marian image, which, although destroyed in 1801, gave the church its name, translating to The Beautiful Church of Our Lady. The construction continued for a century, with the church being completed in 1525. Originally, the twin towers were intended to reach heights of 86 meters, but financial constraints left them unfinished at 62 and 69 meters, respectively.

Architectural Marvels

One of the most striking features of Liebfrauenmünster is its late Gothic hall church design. The church's architecture is a blend of traditional Gothic elements with unique local adaptations. The twin towers, although incomplete, are positioned at a diagonal angle, giving the church a distinctive appearance. The church's exterior is characterized by its red brick construction, with intricate white stone detailing that highlights the Gothic windows and doorways.

The initial construction phase saw the creation of six rectangular chapels around the choir ambulatory and the sacristy on the north side. The southeast portal, dated 1430, serves as the main entrance and is a testament to the church's early construction phase. The roof structure, completed in 1491, is an original feature, showcasing the craftsmanship of the period.

Exploring the Interior

Stepping inside Liebfrauenmünster, visitors are greeted by a vast, light-filled space. The interior is a harmonious blend of soaring columns, vaulted ceilings, and intricate stonework. The church's layout as a stepped hall with an elevated central nave creates a sense of grandeur and openness. The ribbed vaulting of the nave and aisles, completed in the early 16th century, features a modern network structure that seamlessly blends the individual bays.

One of the highlights of the interior is the high altar, created by Hans Mielich in 1572 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Bavarian State University. This colorful masterpiece is adorned with over ninety paintings depicting various scenes from the Gospels, serving as a visual counter-reformation against the Lutheran iconoclasm. The altar is a triptych with double side wings, displaying different images depending on the liturgical calendar. The reverse side of the altar depicts the Disputation of St. Catherine with the scholars.

Stained Glass Windows

The church's stained glass windows are another remarkable feature. Particularly notable is the Annunciation window, which spans the entire window behind the high altar. One of the windows, created around 1505, is attributed to the workshop of Albrecht Dürer, showcasing the high level of artistry involved in the church's decoration.

The Nativity Scene

Among the many treasures of Liebfrauenmünster is its extensive nativity scene, which reflects the rich tradition of nativity art brought to Ingolstadt by the Jesuits from Tyrol. The nativity scene, with its 260 figures, dates back to the Baroque period, with additions from the mid-19th century and around 1900. The scenes depict various events of the Nativity, including the Annunciation, the search for lodging, the birth of Jesus, the adoration of the Magi, and the presentation of Jesus at the temple. These figures are displayed year-round in the west choir of the church, housed in two large glass cases.

The Treasury

The south tower of Liebfrauenmünster houses a treasury, accessible to the public as a permanent exhibition. Created in collaboration with the Diocesan Museum of Eichstätt, the treasury displays a collection of liturgical objects, including the breast cross of Duke Stephen III, known as the Stephan's Cross, memorial stones, reliquaries, monstrances, and precious chalices. These artifacts offer a glimpse into the church's rich history and the religious practices of the past.

Visiting Liebfrauenmünster is not just a journey through a stunning architectural marvel but also a walk through history. The church stands as a testament to the enduring faith and artistic achievements of the people of Ingolstadt. Whether you are an architecture enthusiast, a history buff, or a casual visitor, Liebfrauenmünster promises an unforgettable experience, leaving you with a deeper appreciation of Bavaria's cultural heritage.