Holy Trinity church in Krosno

The Holy Trinity Church in Krosno, known locally as Kościół Farny pod wezwaniem św. Trójcy w Krośnie, stands as a testament to the rich historical tapestry and architectural evolution of this charming Polish town. As the oldest church in Krosno, it beckons visitors with its intricate design, storied past, and the spiritual aura that has enveloped it for centuries.

The Historical Significance of Holy Trinity Church

Founded in 1342, the Holy Trinity Church has been a cornerstone of Krosno's religious and cultural life. Originally, the church was a modest structure with a cross-ribbed vault supported by stone corbels, typical of the Gothic style prevalent in the region during the reign of Casimir the Great. Over the years, the church underwent significant expansions, reflecting the prosperity and growth of Krosno in the 15th century.

In the late 15th century, the church saw the addition of several chapels, including the St. Anne and St. Adalbert chapels to the north, and the Brotherhood of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saints Peter and Paul chapels to the south. These expansions culminated in the late Gothic net vault that now graces the presbytery, adding an air of grandeur to the sacred space.

A Renaissance Transformation

The church's transformation into its current architectural form was largely due to the contributions of Wojciech Robert Portius, a Scottish merchant who became a prominent figure in Krosno. Under his patronage, the church underwent a significant makeover in the 17th century, transitioning from Gothic to Mannerist style. This included the installation of a barrel vault with lunettes and the construction of a domed mausoleum for the Portius family.

The influence of Italian architect Vincenzo Petroni is evident in these renovations, particularly in the intricate stucco work and the elegant design of the chapels. The church's interior, with its rich polychrome executed by Franciszek Daniszewski in 1899, is a visual feast that captivates visitors with its vibrant colors and intricate details.

Exploring the Church's Interior

Stepping inside the Holy Trinity Church is like entering a treasure trove of artistic and historical wonders. The Passion Group on the rood beam, a remarkable example of Gothic sculpture from around 1400, greets visitors with its poignant depiction of Christ's crucifixion. Nearby, the early Baroque epitaph of Zofia Kanafolska, crafted from black Dębnik marble, adds a touch of solemn elegance.

The main altar, a masterpiece of late Mannerism from the 1630s, houses the painting Adoration of the Holy Trinity and the Virgin Mary by Venetian painter Tomasz Dolabella. This altar is complemented by a collection of side altars, each adorned with paintings by Polish artists from the circle of Dolabella, offering a glimpse into the religious and artistic sensibilities of the period.

The Portius Chapel and Other Notable Features

The Portius Chapel, with its double-domed design, stands as a testament to the family's enduring legacy in Krosno. The chapel's walls are adorned with portraits of the Portius family, whose remains rest in a crypt beneath the chapel floor, adding a layer of historical intrigue to this sacred space.

Other notable features of the church include the tin baptismal font in the St. Adalbert Chapel, funded by Wojciech Portius in 1634, and the Mannerist pulpit adorned with personifications of cardinal and theological virtues. The church's choir, with its mid-17th-century organ prospect, provides a harmonious backdrop to the spiritual atmosphere within.

The Bell Tower and Its Resonant History

Adjacent to the church stands the bell tower, constructed between 1637 and 1651 with funds from Wojciech Robert Portius. This three-tiered structure, topped with a domed helmet and columned lantern, houses three bells cast after the fire of 1639. The largest of these, the Urban bell, boasts a circumference of 490 cm, resonating with the rich history of Krosno.

Conclusion

The Holy Trinity Church in Krosno is more than just a place of worship; it is a living monument to the town's historical and cultural evolution. Its walls echo the stories of the past, from medieval times through the Renaissance, and into the modern era. As you explore this magnificent church, you'll find yourself transported through time, captivated by the artistry and devotion that have shaped its enduring legacy.

Whether you're a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or a spiritual seeker, the Holy Trinity Church offers a profound and enriching experience that is sure to leave a lasting impression on all who visit.