St Mary's Church, Luton

St Mary's Church, an architectural gem nestled in the heart of Luton, England, stands as a testament to over 900 years of history and religious devotion. This magnificent Anglican Church, one of the largest in Bedfordshire, is not only a place of worship but also a beacon of medieval architecture and historical significance. Its storied past, coupled with its striking design, makes it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and architecture aficionados alike.

The Early Beginnings

The site of St Mary's Church has been a focal point of worship for over a millennium. The first church was constructed around 930 AD by King Athelstan as a gesture of gratitude for his victory over the Danes. This initial structure laid the foundation for what would become a richly endowed church, thanks to the royal patronage it enjoyed during Saxon and early Norman times.

The 12th Century Transformation

The current incarnation of St Mary's Church began to take shape in 1121, under the auspices of Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester. By 1137, the church was consecrated, featuring a cruciform design without aisles. However, as the local population grew, the church expanded to include north and south aisles around the start of the 13th century, accommodating the increasing number of worshippers.

14th Century Expansion

The 14th century marked a period of significant expansion for St Mary's Church. A tower was erected, and the transepts were extended, with twin arches opening into newly constructed chapels on their eastern sides. A vaulted sacristy with an upper room was added north of the chancel, and a unique octagonal canopy was crafted for the new font, showcasing the era's intricate stone carving skills.

15th Century Restoration and Rebuilding

The 15th century saw extensive restoration and rebuilding efforts, spearheaded by Lord John Wenlock, whose family had long-standing ties to the church. The Someries Chapel was expanded, the sacristy was rebuilt further east, and the west tower was heightened with renewed windows. In 1461, the chapel was renamed the Wenlock Chapel, and it became the final resting place for several members of the Wenlock family, including William Wenlock, John's father. Other notable chapels within the church include the Hoo Chapel, the Rotheram family monuments, and the Barnard Chantry chapel.

Modern-Day Enhancements

In the 19th and 20th centuries, further restoration projects aimed to preserve and enhance the church's historical and architectural integrity. The distinctive flint and stone chequer pattern was extended to cover most of the church's exterior, and the tower was restored in 1906. The Wenlock Chapel received a facelift in 1914, and in the 1960s, additional offices, halls, and vestries were constructed in the chequered style to provide more space for the church's activities. The installation of the Magnificat Window in the south transept in 1979 added a modern touch to the historic structure.

The Friends of St Mary's

Much of the funding for these extensive renovations has been provided by the Friends of St Mary's Luton, a dedicated group that has raised over £1 million since its inception in 1965. Their efforts have been instrumental in preserving this historic landmark for future generations to appreciate.

The Clock of St Mary's

The church's clock, installed in 1901, is a notable feature. Described as a Cambridge quarter clock with an eight-day movement, it was constructed by J.W. Benson at a cost of £200. Despite undergoing overhauls in 1909 and 1949, the clock's mechanism seized in 1979, silencing the bell for 28 years. However, thanks to the University of Bedfordshire's restoration efforts, the clock was officially re-opened on Armistice Day in 1999, once again marking the passage of time for the town of Luton.

Present Day St Mary's

Today, St Mary's Church stands proudly in the Open Evangelical tradition of the Church of England. It is well-known for its youth work and pioneering peace and reconciliation ministry. The area adjacent to the church, known as Power Court, is slated for redevelopment, with plans for a new stadium and other facilities for Luton Town Football Club. The project has been granted planning permission, promising a vibrant future for the area surrounding this historic church.

Architectural Marvel

The architecture of St Mary's Church is a captivating blend of styles, reflecting the numerous renovations and rebuilds it has undergone over the centuries. The church's cruciform layout, with its north-south aisles and multiple chapels and extensions, creates a labyrinthine structure that invites exploration. The exterior's flint and stone chequer pattern is particularly striking, setting the church apart as a distinctive landmark in the town of Luton. Although the graveyard immediately surrounding the church is no longer in use, the nearby Luton Church Cemetery on St Anne's Hill continues to serve the community.

In conclusion, St Mary's Church in Luton is more than just a place of worship; it is a living museum of medieval architecture, a testament to centuries of history, and a vibrant community hub. Whether you are drawn by its architectural beauty, its rich history, or its active role in the local community, a visit to St Mary's Church is sure to be a memorable experience.