Kilianstollen Marsberg

In the picturesque region of Marsberg, nestled within the lush landscapes of Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany, lies a hidden gem of historical and geological significance – the Kilianstollen Marsberg. Known locally as Kilianstollen, this former copper mine has been transformed into a fascinating visitor mine, inviting adventurers and history enthusiasts to delve into the depths of the Earth and explore the rich mining heritage of the area.

The History of Kilianstollen Marsberg

The story of Kilianstollen Marsberg is deeply intertwined with the history of copper mining in the region, which dates back to at least the 12th century. Evidence suggests that copper was being extracted in Marsberg as early as the late 8th century, with a minting right granted by the Abbey of Corvey in 900 AD indicating the use of locally mined copper for coinage. By 1150, Conrad III had granted Wibald of Stablo the rights to mine for copper, gold, silver, lead, and tin in the area.

For centuries, the mining activities were primarily focused on surface-level copper ores, known as Rückenerze. However, the deeper mining operations were often hindered by inadequate water management, leading to frequent flooding of the primitive shafts during heavy rains and snowmelts. It wasn't until the establishment of mining unions in 1650 that more extensive underground mining began.

The 19th century marked a significant period of growth for the Marsberg copper mining industry. In 1834, the Stadtberger Gewerkschaft took over the mining and smelting operations, leading to a peak in production in 1863 with around 200 miners extracting 48,830 tons of ore. Despite several challenges, including economic fluctuations and the impact of global market prices, the mining activities continued until the early 20th century. The final resurgence of the industry occurred in 1935, but the operations ceased permanently in 1945 after World War II.

The Kilianstollen Visitor Mine

After lying dormant for several decades, the Kilianstollen was revitalized and opened to the public as a visitor mine in 1984, thanks to the efforts of the Marsberger Heimatbund. This transformation allows visitors to step back in time and experience the life of a miner, exploring the tunnels and learning about the geological and historical aspects of the region.

From April to October, guided tours take visitors through the mine, where they can observe the rock formations from the Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous periods. The tours provide a comprehensive overview of the geology and the copper mining processes that once thrived in Marsberg. Special attention is given to the methods used to extract copper-bearing solutions, offering a glimpse into the technological advancements of the time.

The Health Tunnel of Marsberg

In addition to its historical significance, Kilianstollen Marsberg also offers a unique health experience. In the summer of 2013, the Health Tunnel of Marsberg was inaugurated within the mine. This therapeutic environment, characterized by a constant temperature of 10°C and a relative humidity of 98%, provides nearly dust- and allergen-free air, making it an ideal retreat for individuals seeking respiratory relief and relaxation.

The Environmental Impact and Kieselrot Issue

The history of Marsberg's mining industry is not without its environmental challenges. In the 1930s, a new smelting process involving chlorinating roasting was introduced to increase ore yield. This process involved adding sodium chloride to the raw ore, which, at higher temperatures, reacted with the organic substances in the shale, producing chlorinated hydrocarbons, including dioxins and furans.

The waste product, known as Kieselrot, was sold as smelter grit and used on sports fields across western Germany. However, by 1991, significant dioxin and furan contamination was discovered on Bremen's sports fields, with levels exceeding permissible limits by up to ten thousand times. This highlighted the long-term environmental impact of the mining activities and the importance of responsible waste management.

Visiting Kilianstollen Marsberg

Today, Kilianstollen Marsberg stands as a testament to the region's rich mining heritage and offers a unique opportunity for visitors to explore the underground world of miners. The entrance, marked by a sturdy gate and flanked by lush greenery, invites visitors to embark on a journey through time. The bright yellow visitor train, emblazoned with Besucherbergwerk, adds a touch of charm and excitement to the experience.

Whether you're a history buff, a geology enthusiast, or simply looking for a unique adventure, Kilianstollen Marsberg promises an unforgettable experience. As you wander through the tunnels and listen to the echoes of the past, you'll gain a deeper appreciation for the ingenuity and perseverance of the miners who once toiled in these depths.

In conclusion, Kilianstollen Marsberg is more than just a visitor mine; it's a window into the past, a place where history and geology converge, and a reminder of the enduring spirit of human endeavor. So, don your hard hat, grab a lantern, and get ready to uncover the hidden treasures of Kilianstollen Marsberg!