The National Museum of Matera, known locally as Museo nazionale di Matera, is a captivating destination nestled in the historic city of Matera, Italy. This museum offers a rich tapestry of history and culture, housed in the impressive Palazzo del Sedile, a site that has been a cultural and administrative hub for centuries. Visitors to the museum are invited to embark on a journey through time, exploring the fascinating archaeological heritage of the Basilicata region.
Established on February 9, 1911, the National Museum of Matera is the oldest museum in the Basilicata region. It owes its existence to the vision of Senator and physician Domenico Ridola, who generously donated his extensive archaeological collections to the state. These collections form the backbone of the museum's exhibits, showcasing artifacts that span from prehistoric times to the 3rd century BC.
The museum is housed in the former convent of Santa Chiara, a building that itself is steeped in history. In 2019, it merged with the Museum of Medieval and Modern Art of Basilicata, creating a new entity with special autonomy, further enriching its cultural offerings.
The National Museum of Matera is divided into several sections, each offering a unique glimpse into different eras of history. The prehistoric section is particularly noteworthy, featuring artifacts from the Paleolithic era such as arrows, javelins, and axes. These items were discovered in various locations across the Matera region, including the famous Bat Cave, and provide insight into the lives of early inhabitants.
Visitors can also explore exhibits from the Neolithic period, showcasing finds from fortified villages at sites like Tirlecchia, Murgia Timone, Murgecchia, and Serra d'Alto. These villages mark the transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled agricultural communities, a pivotal moment in human history.
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The museum's exhibits extend beyond prehistoric times, with two rooms dedicated to artifacts from the Basento and Bradano river valleys. These areas were home to ancient settlements corresponding to modern towns such as Pisticci, Ferrandina, Pomarico, Garaguso, and Calle di Tricarico. Among the treasures on display are Roman necropolis materials, Iron Age burial goods, and red-figure vases attributed to the Painter of Pisticci.
In the Bradano valley room, visitors can admire funeral items from Montescaglioso, Miglionico, and Irsina, spanning from the 7th to the 4th century BC. The collection includes beautifully decorated ceramics and other artifacts that reflect the rich cultural tapestry of the region.
The museum also features a section dedicated to archaeological finds from Matera and its surroundings. This includes archaic, Lucanian, and Roman artifacts, such as archaic funerary goods, coins, and Italic bronzes. One highlight is the collection of votive terracotta statues and bronze armors from the Timmari site, dating back to the 4th century BC.
The Ridola Room offers a more personal touch, showcasing manuscripts, documents, and memorabilia related to the museum's founder, Domenico Ridola. This section celebrates his contributions to the field of archaeology and his enduring legacy in the Matera region.
The National Museum of Matera is not only a treasure trove of historical artifacts but also an architectural gem. The Palazzo del Sedile, with its Renaissance façade and modernized elements from 1779, is a striking example of historical architecture. The grand entrance arch, flanked by two towers, is adorned with statues representing Saint Eustace and Saint Irene, embodying the ideals of good governance.
Inside, visitors can admire frescoes depicting Charles III on horseback and scenes celebrating the beauty of the Kingdom of Naples. The building's architectural features, combined with its historical significance, make it a must-visit destination for any traveler to Matera.
The National Museum of Matera is more than just a museum; it is a gateway to the rich history and culture of the Basilicata region. From its prehistoric artifacts to its stunning architectural setting, the museum offers an unforgettable experience for history enthusiasts and casual visitors alike. Whether you're exploring the ancient villages of the Neolithic era or admiring the artistry of Roman ceramics, the National Museum of Matera invites you to discover the stories that have shaped this remarkable region.
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