Casa de les Aigües, also known as Casa de las Aguas, is a hidden gem nestled in the charming town of Montcada i Reixac, Spain. This historic site, once a bustling hub of water extraction and pumping, is now a fascinating destination for visitors interested in history, architecture, and industrial heritage. Located within the serene Park of Aigües, Casa de les Aigües offers a unique glimpse into the past, where the interplay of nature and technology created a vital lifeline for the city of Barcelona.
The story of Casa de les Aigües begins in the ancient times when the waters of the Besòs River were harnessed by the Romans to supply potable water to the city of Barcino, now known as Barcelona. This was achieved through a sophisticated system of Roman aqueducts, some remnants of which can still be seen today in the Gothic Quarter of Barcelona. These aqueducts were in use until the 10th century, after which the focus shifted towards utilizing the underground waters of the Besòs aquifer.
In response to a severe drought in the 19th century, the city of Barcelona embarked on a project to secure a reliable source of drinking water. The result was the construction of the Casa de les Aigües, inaugurated on June 21, 1878. The facility was designed by the municipal architect of Barcelona, Antoni Rovira i Trias, and was managed by the municipal company Aguas de Moncada. This innovative project included the installation of steam-powered machinery, which was groundbreaking for its time and remains unique to this day.
The architectural ensemble of Casa de les Aigües consists of three main buildings, a chimney, and several auxiliary structures, all set within the picturesque Park of Aigües. The main building, situated at the heart of the site, houses the wells, water pumps, boilers, and the iconic steam engine. This T-shaped building features a ground floor and a roof made of flat tiles and ridges, supported by exposed brick walls and metal trusses. The lateral facades boast numerous arched windows framed by pilasters topped with stone balls, adding a touch of elegance to the industrial design.
Inside the main building, visitors can marvel at the iron railings that protect the access points to the water reservoirs. The central area features a grand commemorative inscription celebrating the opening of the facility, flanked by two angels and the coat of arms of Barcelona in relief. The rear section of the building houses three boilers and two vertical steam engines, supported by fluted cast iron columns with gilded capitals.
The chimney, a striking feature of the site, has a square base and a hexagonal trunk-pyramidal shaft. This structure, essential for the operation of the steam engines, stands as a testament to the engineering prowess of the era.
The overflow building, with its irregular floor plan, semi-basement, and ground floor, follows a similar architectural style to the main building but on a smaller scale. Its roof, supported by a lattice girder resting on a central cast iron pillar, features a semicircular seat covered in glazed ceramic tiles.
The residence for the machinist and the caretaker, along with a large meeting room that resembles a summer tower, adds a residential touch to the complex. This building, with its Greek cross floor plan, two floors, attic, and four-story tower, showcases a blend of industrial and domestic architecture. The structure is made of load-bearing walls, laminated metal beams, and tile ceilings, with a roof supported by wooden trusses and girders.
Finally, the elevated water tank, with its round floor plan, exposed brick walls, and conical roof, completes the architectural ensemble of Casa de les Aigües. This structure, essential for water storage and distribution, stands as a symbol of the site's functional and aesthetic harmony.
Today, Casa de les Aigües is a cultural and historical landmark that offers visitors a unique opportunity to explore the rich heritage of Montcada i Reixac. The site, which ceased operation in 1989 due to water contamination, has been meticulously restored and preserved, thanks to a rehabilitation project funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) in 2005. It now stands as a testament to the ingenuity and resilience of the past, inviting visitors to step back in time and experience the marvels of 19th-century engineering.
As you wander through the beautifully landscaped Park of Aigües, you can enjoy the tranquil surroundings and the meticulously maintained gardens that provide a perfect backdrop for the historic buildings. Guided tours of Casa de les Aigües offer an in-depth look at the site's history, architecture, and technological innovations, providing a fascinating journey through time.
Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply looking for a unique and educational experience, Casa de les Aigües in Montcada i Reixac is a must-visit destination. Its blend of natural beauty, historical significance, and architectural splendor makes it a captivating attraction that offers something for everyone.
In conclusion, Casa de les Aigües is not just a historic site; it is a celebration of human ingenuity and the enduring spirit of progress. Its walls and machinery tell stories of a bygone era, where the quest for clean and reliable water supply shaped the future of a city. As you explore this remarkable site, you will gain a deeper appreciation for the technological advancements and architectural achievements that have left an indelible mark on the history of Montcada i Reixac and beyond.
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