In the heart of Morgantown, West Virginia, lies the Downtown Morgantown Historic District, a treasure trove of history, architecture, and culture. This vibrant area, spanning approximately 75 acres, is a testament to the rich heritage and dynamic growth of Morgantown. With 122 contributing buildings and two contributing sites, the district offers a captivating glimpse into the past, making it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike.
The Downtown Morgantown Historic District is a living chronicle of significant developments in architecture, social history, and industry from 1795 to 1945. The story begins with Zackquill Morgan, the town's founder, who received a grant in 1784 for 50 acres of land at the junction of Deckers Creek and the Monongahela River. Morgan laid out a grid for the town, which was chartered as Morgan’s Town in 1785. The town's strategic location along the Monongahela River made it a crucial point in westward expansion, facilitating the exportation of agricultural and industrial products.
Throughout the 19th century, Morgantown's growth was steady, with significant development occurring after the Civil War. The town supported the Union, and local lawyer Waitman T. Willey played a pivotal role in the creation of West Virginia. The post-war era saw rapid growth, driven by improvements in transportation and the expansion of the oil, petroleum, coal, and timber industries. This period also marked Morgantown's emergence as an educational center with the establishment of West Virginia University. The architectural diversity and historical significance of the buildings in the district reflect the town's evolution over the centuries.
The Downtown Morgantown Historic District is a showcase of architectural styles that were prevalent between 1795 and 1945. The earliest structures in the district feature the Federal style, popular in the decades following the Revolutionary War. As the town grew, so did its architectural variety, with buildings in Classic Revival, Victorian, Gothic Revival, Italianate, and Romanesque styles. Many of these structures were designed by Elmer F. Jacobs, a local architect known for his eclectic designs during the Gilded Age.
The district is home to several significant buildings, each with its own unique story and architectural charm. The Monongalia County Courthouse, built in 1891, is a Romanesque-style building with a five-story clock tower and a separate three-story circular tower. The Metropolitan Theatre, which opened in 1924, features a Classical Revival facade with fluted concrete Ionic order pilasters. The Old Morgantown Post Office, now the Monongalia Arts Center, was built in 1913 in the Classical Revival style and continues to serve as a cultural hub.
Other notable buildings include the Brown Building (1898), the Dering Building (1896), and the Judge Frank Cox House (circa 1898). The Old Stone House, built around 1796, is one of the oldest surviving examples of rustic pioneer architecture in Monongalia County. The Rogers House, built about 1857, and the Women's Christian Temperance Union Community Building (1922) are also significant contributors to the district's historical and architectural landscape.
Visitors to the Downtown Morgantown Historic District can embark on a journey through time as they explore its streets and buildings. High Street, the central artery of the district, is lined with historic commercial and public buildings, residences, and churches. The district's boundaries, based on the original town grid laid out by Zackquill Morgan, encompass a diverse array of architectural styles and historical landmarks.
One of the highlights of the district is the Monongalia County Courthouse, a majestic structure that stands as a symbol of the town's legal and political heritage. The Metropolitan Theatre, with its grand facade and rich history of live entertainment, continues to be a cultural cornerstone. The Monongalia Arts Center, housed in the former post office building, offers a vibrant space for artistic expression and community engagement.
A stroll through the Downtown Morgantown Historic District is like stepping back in time. The district's buildings, with their intricate architectural details and historical significance, tell the story of Morgantown's growth and transformation. From the early Federal-style structures to the eclectic designs of the Gilded Age, each building is a testament to the town's rich heritage.
The district's churches, such as the Spruce Street United Methodist Church (1908) and the Wesley United Methodist Church (1942), add to the historical and architectural diversity. The Morgantown City Hall (1924) and the historic Warner Theater (1931) are also notable landmarks that contribute to the district's charm.
The Downtown Morgantown Historic District is more than just a collection of buildings; it is a living testament to the town's rich history and architectural heritage. As you explore the district, you will be captivated by the stories embedded in its structures and the vibrant cultural tapestry that defines Morgantown. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or a curious traveler, the Downtown Morgantown Historic District promises an unforgettable journey through time.
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