Tennessee State Capitol

The Tennessee State Capitol, a beacon of Greek Revival architecture, stands proudly atop Capitol Hill in the heart of Downtown Nashville. This magnificent structure is not just a building; it’s a testament to the history and resilience of Tennessee. Designed by the renowned architect William Strickland, the Capitol has been the seat of the state government since its completion in 1859. Its rich history, architectural splendor, and significant landmarks make it a must-visit destination for anyone touring Nashville.

The Architectural Marvel

The Tennessee State Capitol is an exquisite example of Greek Revival architecture, modeled after an Ionic temple. Constructed from limestone quarried nearby, the building’s grandeur is immediately evident. Measuring 112 by 239 feet and standing approximately 206.6 feet tall, the Capitol’s imposing presence is accentuated by its eight Ionic columns on the north and south porticoes, and six on the east and west porticoes. These columns, capped by entablatures, give the building its classical elegance.

One of the most striking features of the Capitol is its 42-foot tall round tower, inspired by the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates in Athens. This tower, with its eight Corinthian columns, is topped by a 37-foot tall cupola and finial, crowned with a flagpole. The building’s three stories house the offices of the Governor and other state officials on the first floor, while the second floor contains the House and Senate chambers, as well as a room that once housed the Tennessee State Library and Archives.

A Walk Through History

The history of the Tennessee State Capitol is as rich as its architecture. When Tennessee became the 16th state of the Union in 1796, Knoxville was its first capital. The seat of government shifted between Kingston, Nashville, Knoxville, and Murfreesboro before permanently settling in Nashville in 1826. The decision to build a permanent statehouse came in 1843, and the prominent hill chosen for its location was initially known as Cedar Knob, later renamed Campbell’s Hill.

The cornerstone of the Capitol was laid on July 4, 1845, and construction spanned fourteen years, concluding in 1859. The final cost of the project was approximately $900,000, a significant sum at the time. The construction process was notable for its extensive use of stone and structural iron, a pioneering approach in the mid-19th century. Tragically, William Strickland, the architect, did not live to see the completion of his masterpiece; he passed away in 1854 and was entombed in the northeast wall of the Capitol. His son, F.W. Strickland, oversaw the completion of the building.

Monuments and Memorials

The Capitol grounds are home to several significant monuments and memorials that honor Tennessee’s history and its notable figures. Among these are statues of Andrew Jackson and Andrew Johnson, two of the three Tennessee residents who served as President of the United States. The tomb of James K. Polk, the 11th President, and his wife Sarah Childress Polk, is also located on the grounds.

Other notable monuments include the Sgt. Alvin C. York Memorial, the Tennessee Holocaust Commission Memorial, the Sam Davis Memorial, and the Memorial to Africans during the Middle Passage. The Charles Warterfield Reliquary, a collection of broken limestone columns and fragments saved during the Capitol’s mid-1950s restoration, is another intriguing sight.

Modern-Day Significance

Today, the Tennessee State Capitol is not just a historical landmark but a functioning hub of state government. It continues to house the Tennessee General Assembly and the Governor’s office, serving as a symbol of Tennessee’s governance and heritage. The building’s historical and architectural significance was recognized when it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971.

Visitors to the Capitol can explore its grand halls, admire the architectural details, and learn about the state’s history through guided tours. The Capitol’s location atop Capitol Hill offers stunning views of Downtown Nashville and the surrounding areas, making it a picturesque spot for both history enthusiasts and casual tourists.

Conclusion

The Tennessee State Capitol is more than just a building; it’s a living monument to the state’s past, present, and future. Its architectural beauty, historical significance, and the stories it holds make it an essential stop on any tour of Nashville. As you stand before this majestic structure, you can’t help but feel a connection to the rich tapestry of Tennessee’s history, woven through the walls of this iconic Capitol. So, whether you’re a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply a curious traveler, the Tennessee State Capitol promises a captivating and enriching experience.