Basilica of San Savino, Piacenza

The Basilica of San Savino, nestled in the charming city of Piacenza, Italy, is a gem of historical and architectural significance. Known locally as the Basilica di San Savino, this magnificent structure is a testament to centuries of religious devotion and artistic endeavor. With its captivating history and stunning Romanesque architecture, it draws visitors from all over the world who seek to explore its hallowed halls and experience its serene beauty.

The History of the Basilica of San Savino

The origins of the Basilica of San Savino date back to the fourth century when the first church was constructed by Savino, the second bishop of Piacenza. Originally dedicated to the twelve apostles, it stood just outside the Roman castrum's walls. After Savino's death in 420, his successor, Bishop Mauro, interred him within the church, which was then consecrated in his honor. Unfortunately, this early structure was destroyed between 899 and 902 during the Hungarian invasions.

In 903, reconstruction began under Bishop Everardo, moving the church to a more central location within Piacenza's city walls. However, it faced destruction again in 924 due to another Hungarian incursion. Around the year 1000, Bishop-Count Sigifredo initiated the rebuilding of the church at its original site, adding a Benedictine monastery.

The basilica as we know it today was consecrated on October 15, 1107, by Bishop Aldo. This period also saw the creation of the crypt and its exquisite mosaics, which date back to around 1100. Over the centuries, the basilica underwent various modifications, including significant Baroque alterations in the 17th century. In the early 20th century, efforts were made to restore its original Romanesque style, led by Bishop Giovanni Battista Scalabrini and architect Ettore Martini.

Exploring the Basilica of San Savino

Stepping into the Basilica of San Savino is like entering a portal to the past. The exterior is marked by its Baroque façade, completed in 1721 by architect Andrea Galluzzi. This elegant façade features three levels separated by projecting cornices, with a portico of round arches supported by paired marble columns. Statues of the four evangelists adorn the niches, adding a touch of grandeur to the entrance.

The interior of the basilica is a harmonious blend of Romanesque and Baroque elements. The basilical layout consists of three naves separated by marble pillars, each adorned with geometric and fantastical animal motifs. The central nave's ceiling is a beautiful cross vault, while the choir culminates in a semicircular apse with a single lancet window.

The Crypt and Mosaics

One of the most captivating features of the Basilica of San Savino is its crypt. Accessible via a staircase from the main nave, the crypt is a serene space with eight cross-vaulted bays supported by 18 Romanesque columns. Within its walls, you'll find sculptures of four saints, crafted in 1481, reflecting the influence of Amadeo's school. The crypt also houses stunning mosaics depicting zodiac signs, adding an air of mystery and wonder.

Another mosaic, located in the presbytery, illustrates scenes of combat, a game of chess, and a depiction of Christ. These artworks provide a fascinating glimpse into the artistic and cultural heritage of the basilica.

Relics and Artifacts

The basilica's main altar, crafted in the 18th century from black marble, is adorned with bronze decorations by Giuseppe Filiberti. Above it hangs a wooden crucifix from the early 12th century, its creator unknown, yet its presence is profoundly moving.

The basilica also houses an organ built in 1863 by the Lingiardi organists of Pavia, later expanded and electrified in the mid-20th century. This magnificent instrument was restored in 2004, ensuring its place in the basilica's rich musical tradition.

Modern Restorations and Discoveries

Restoration efforts in the early 21st century, led by architect Carlo Beltrami, focused on preserving the basilica's structure and uncovering hidden treasures. In 2006, during the restoration of the Chapel of the Miraculous Medal, exquisite 17th-century frescoes by Giovanni Evangelista Draghi were uncovered, depicting biblical scenes such as the Sacrifice of Isaac and Moses before the Burning Bush.

These ongoing efforts ensure that the Basilica of San Savino remains a vibrant and inspiring destination for visitors and pilgrims alike.

In conclusion, the Basilica of San Savino is not just a place of worship; it is a living testament to the enduring spirit of Piacenza. Its walls echo with centuries of history, art, and devotion, making it an essential stop for anyone exploring the rich tapestry of Italian heritage. Whether you're an art enthusiast, a history buff, or a spiritual seeker, the Basilica of San Savino offers a profound and unforgettable experience.