Portsmouth African Burying Ground

In the heart of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, lies a poignant and powerful testament to the African American experience in early New England—the Portsmouth African Burying Ground. This sacred site, nestled on Chestnut Street, is more than just a memorial park; it is a place of remembrance, reflection, and reverence for nearly two hundred freed and enslaved African individuals laid to rest here in the 18th century. As the only archeologically verified African burying ground from this period in New England, it holds immense historical and cultural significance.

The Rediscovery and Historical Significance

The Portsmouth African Burying Ground remained hidden beneath the city’s streets for centuries, its existence almost forgotten. It was not until 2003, during routine maintenance work, that construction workers unearthed the remains of thirteen individuals. Subsequent archaeological examinations confirmed that eight of these remains were of African descent, revealing a long-overlooked chapter of Portsmouth’s history. This discovery prompted the Portsmouth City Council to establish the African Burying Ground Committee, tasked with creating a fitting tribute to honor those interred here.

Historical records indicate that the burying ground was in use as early as 1705, appearing on maps of the period. However, by the late 18th century, it had fallen out of use, and subsequent urban development gradually obscured its location. Despite being mentioned in mid-1800s newspapers and appearing on city maps until 1902, the site was eventually paved over and forgotten. It wasn’t until the early 21st century that the significance of this site was fully recognized, leading to the creation of the memorial park we see today.

The Memorial Park

Unveiled on May 23, 2015, the Portsmouth African Burying Ground Memorial Park is a beautifully designed space that invites visitors to reflect on the lives and contributions of the African individuals buried here. The park’s design, created by artist Jerome Meadows, incorporates several key elements that collectively tell a powerful story.

Entry Piece

The Entry Piece is a striking feature of the memorial park, consisting of a large granite slab flanked by two bronze statues. One statue represents an African male slave, facing east towards Africa, symbolizing the strength and resilience required to survive the harrowing journey across the Atlantic. The other statue, facing west, portrays an African woman, embodying Mother Africa and the pain of separation from loved ones. The outstretched arms of both statues reach towards each other but do not touch, poignantly representing the enduring separation experienced by enslaved Africans.

The Petition Line

Embedded in the ground is the Petition Line, featuring words from a 1779 petition for freedom by twenty enslaved individuals from Portsmouth. This powerful inscription serves as a reminder of the enduring struggle for freedom and justice faced by African Americans throughout history.

Ceremonial Burial Cover

At the heart of the memorial is the Ceremonial Burial Cover, a circular lid that seals the underground vault where the remains of the eight exhumed individuals were reinterred. This solemn feature underscores the sanctity of the site and honors the memory of those who rest here.

Community Figures and Decorative Railing

Surrounding the memorial are eight Community Figures, representing the diverse and vibrant African American community that once lived in Portsmouth. The decorative railing, adorned with elements inspired by Kinte cloth motifs, adds a touch of West African cultural heritage to the memorial, connecting the past with the present.

Reflecting on the Past

Visiting the Portsmouth African Burying Ground is a deeply moving experience. As you walk through the memorial park, you are invited to reflect on the lives of those who were buried here and to consider the broader history of African Americans in New England. The memorial stands as a testament to the resilience and strength of the African American community, and serves as a reminder of the importance of acknowledging and honoring all aspects of our shared history.

Conclusion

The Portsmouth African Burying Ground is more than just a historical site; it is a place of remembrance and reflection that honors the lives and legacies of the African individuals who were laid to rest here. Through its thoughtful design and powerful symbolism, the memorial park invites visitors to engage with a significant yet often overlooked chapter of American history. Whether you are a history enthusiast, a local resident, or a visitor to Portsmouth, a visit to this sacred site is an opportunity to pay tribute to the past and to reflect on the enduring impact of the African American experience in New England.