In the heart of the charming city of San Sebastián, Spain, stands a true architectural gem, the Basilica of Saint Mary of the Chorus, known locally as Iglesia de Santa María. This splendid basilica, with its Baroque style and intricate Rococo elements, offers a captivating glimpse into the rich history and culture of the Basque region. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, the Basilica of Saint Mary of the Chorus is a must-visit destination that promises to leave you in awe.
The site of the Basilica of Saint Mary of the Chorus has been a place of worship for centuries. Originally, a Romanesque church from the 12th and 13th centuries stood here, constructed by the kings of Navarre. Over the years, this church underwent several transformations, including an expansion in the Gothic Renaissance style between 1522 and 1560 under the Habsburgs, who were then the rulers of Spain. However, the church suffered significant damage in 1688 due to an explosion in the nearby Castillo de la Mota.
The current basilica, completed in 1774, was built on the foundations of the old Gothic church. Architects Pedro Ignacio Lizardi and Miguel de Salazar designed the new structure, preserving the original layout and orientation. The basilica was elevated to the status of a minor basilica on February 12, 1973, a testament to its historical and cultural significance.
The Basilica of Saint Mary of the Chorus is a stunning example of Baroque architecture, with elements of Gothic, Churrigueresque, and Neoclassical styles seamlessly blended into its design. The main façade is a true masterpiece, featuring a grand portal flanked by two towers that resemble a retablo, or altarpiece. Above the entrance, you'll find a poignant sculpture of the martyred Saint Sebastian, the patron saint of the city, along with papal symbols denoting its status as a minor basilica and the city's coat of arms crowning the structure.
The façade is adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures that showcase the craftsmanship of the period. The combination of Baroque exuberance and Rococo elegance creates a visual feast that is both grand and inviting. The clock that graces the façade adds a touch of timeless charm to this already magnificent structure.
Step inside the basilica, and you'll be greeted by a breathtaking interior that reflects the grandeur of its exterior. The main nave, measuring 48 by 33 meters, is divided into three aisles, creating a sense of spaciousness and harmony. The nave is further divided into four sections by six octagonal pillars and supporting walls that act as buttresses, providing structural stability to the vaulted ceilings.
The central vault, soaring to a height of over 27 meters, is the tallest and most impressive feature of the interior. As you make your way through the basilica, you'll notice several rooms on the right side, including chapels, sacristies, and other parish facilities.
The main altar of the Basilica of Saint Mary of the Chorus is dedicated to the Virgin of the Chorus, who, alongside Saint Sebastian, is the patron saint of San Sebastián. The statue of the Virgin, a wooden carving dating back to the 15th or 16th century, is a highlight of the altar. Her serene expression and dark complexion add a touch of mystique to this revered figure.
Another notable artwork within the basilica is the painting of Saint Sebastian by Luis Boccia, created in 1819, which adorns the main altar. The classicist-style altarpieces, crafted by Diego de Villanueva and Francisco Azurmendi, further enhance the artistic splendor of the basilica.
At the rear of the basilica, you'll find the choir, accessible via a staircase. The semicircular choir stalls, the work of Francisco Bocente and Mendía, are a testament to the craftsmanship of the period. The basilica also houses a remarkable Cavaillé-Coll romantic organ from 1863, whose façade is a remnant of an earlier Baroque organ.
The Basilica of Saint Mary of the Chorus is not just a historical monument; it is a living legacy that continues to play a vital role in the spiritual and cultural life of San Sebastián. Its location at the intersection of 31 de Agosto and Mayor streets in the Old Town makes it a central and accessible landmark for both locals and visitors.
As you explore the basilica, you'll be transported through centuries of history, art, and devotion. The intricate details of its architecture, the serene beauty of its interior, and the rich tapestry of its past make the Basilica of Saint Mary of the Chorus a place of profound significance and enduring charm.
Whether you're attending a religious service, admiring the architectural marvels, or simply soaking in the atmosphere, the Basilica of Saint Mary of the Chorus offers an unforgettable experience that captures the essence of San Sebastián's heritage. So, take a moment to step inside this magnificent basilica and let its beauty and history leave an indelible mark on your journey through this enchanting city.
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