Botafumeiro

The Botafumeiro of Santiago de Compostela is one of the most iconic and fascinating elements of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. This grand thurible, also known as an incense burner, has been captivating pilgrims and visitors for centuries with its immense size, historical significance, and the mesmerizing spectacle it creates when in motion.

The History of the Botafumeiro

The tradition of using an incense burner in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela dates back to the Middle Ages. The primary purpose of the Botafumeiro was to mask the smell of the many pilgrims who arrived at the cathedral after long and arduous journeys. However, it also had a liturgical function, symbolizing the prayers of the faithful rising to heaven along with the fragrant smoke.

The first recorded mention of the Botafumeiro is from the 14th century, in the margins of the Codex Calixtinus, where it is referred to as the Magno turibulo argenteum. Throughout its history, the Botafumeiro has undergone several changes and restorations. The current version, made of brass and plated with silver, was crafted by the silversmith José Losada in 1851. It weighs an impressive 62 kg when empty and stands 1.5 meters tall.

The Spectacle of the Botafumeiro

The Botafumeiro is not in constant use but is reserved for special occasions and significant liturgical events. It is also swung during the visits of high dignitaries or when groups of pilgrims pay the established fee. When in use, the Botafumeiro is filled with around 40 kg of charcoal and incense, bringing its total weight to over 100 kg.

The process of swinging the Botafumeiro is a carefully coordinated effort. It is suspended from a pulley system attached to the ceiling of the cathedral's transept. A team of eight men, known as tiraboleiros, is responsible for setting it in motion. They pull on the ropes to swing the Botafumeiro in an arc, reaching speeds of up to 68 km/h and heights of up to 21 meters. The sight of the massive thurible swinging back and forth through the cathedral, filling the air with fragrant smoke, is truly awe-inspiring.

Accidents and Anecdotes

Over the centuries, the Botafumeiro has been involved in several accidents and near-misses. One of the most notable incidents occurred in 1499 during the visit of Princess Catherine of Aragon. During the swinging of the Botafumeiro, the rope snapped, and the thurible flew out of the cathedral through the Platerías door, miraculously without causing any injuries.

Another significant incident took place in 1622 when the rope broke again, causing the Botafumeiro to fall and crash through the wooden platform set up for the Corpus Christi celebrations. Despite these mishaps, the Botafumeiro has remained an enduring symbol of the cathedral and its rich history.

The Modern Botafumeiro

In recent years, the Botafumeiro has undergone several updates to ensure its safety and functionality. In 2006, it received a new silver plating, adding 2 kg to its weight. The ropes used to swing the Botafumeiro have also been replaced with modern synthetic materials, donated by a rope and net factory in Alicante in 2007. These new ropes are 65 meters long, 5 cm in diameter, and weigh 90 kg.

The Cathedral Museum also houses a replica of the Botafumeiro, made entirely of silver. This replica was donated by the Brotherhood of Alféreces Provisionais in 1971 and is used on special occasions when the original Botafumeiro is unavailable.

Visiting the Botafumeiro

For visitors to Santiago de Compostela, witnessing the Botafumeiro in action is a highlight of their pilgrimage or tour. The sight of the massive thurible swinging through the cathedral, accompanied by the rich aroma of incense, is a deeply moving experience. It serves as a powerful reminder of the cathedral's historical and spiritual significance.

The Botafumeiro is typically used during major liturgical feasts, such as Easter, Christmas, and the Feast of St. James on July 25th. It is also swung during the arrival of large groups of pilgrims who have pre-arranged the ceremony. Visitors should check the cathedral's schedule or inquire at the cathedral office to find out when the Botafumeiro will be in use.

In conclusion, the Botafumeiro of Santiago de Compostela is more than just an incense burner; it is a symbol of the cathedral's rich history and the enduring faith of the countless pilgrims who have journeyed to this sacred site. Its impressive size, intricate design, and the breathtaking spectacle it creates make it a must-see for anyone visiting Santiago de Compostela. Whether you are a pilgrim seeking spiritual renewal or a tourist eager to witness a unique tradition, the Botafumeiro is sure to leave a lasting impression.