Old Castle

In the heart of Stuttgart, nestled among the bustling streets and modern buildings, stands the Old Castle, known locally as Altes Schloss. This historic fortress, with its imposing towers and Renaissance architecture, is a testament to the rich and varied history of Stuttgart and the region of Baden-Württemberg. The Old Castle has been a silent witness to centuries of change, from its early days as a medieval fortress to its current incarnation as a museum.

The Early Beginnings

The origins of the Old Castle date back to around the 10th century, although concrete archaeological evidence only supports the existence of a predecessor structure from the 12th century. This initial fortress, constructed during the Staufer period, was strategically placed to protect a vital north-south trade route crossing the Stuttgart valley. The early castle, known as Burg 1, featured double outer walls and moats, reflecting the defensive needs of the time. However, it was not yet a princely residence but rather a fortification aimed at controlling and safeguarding trade routes.

Transformation in the 14th Century

By the early 14th century, the original castle had suffered significant damage, likely due to flooding. Consequently, a new structure, Burg 2, was erected around 1300. This new castle featured deeper foundations and thicker walls, some of which still stand today. The entire structure was rotated slightly to better protect against the Nesenbach River's floodwaters. This castle became the main residence of the Counts of Württemberg and their court, surrounded by a deep moat that enhanced its defensive capabilities.

The Renaissance Rebirth

The most significant transformation of the Old Castle occurred in the mid-16th century under the direction of Dukes Christoph and Ludwig. The medieval fortress was converted into a Renaissance palace, with the addition of new residential quarters, an archive building, and a grand staircase. The construction of a three-sided arcade courtyard began in 1557, showcasing early Renaissance architectural motifs from Italy. This renovation also included the elevation of the castle's ground level by several meters to protect it from flooding, a recurring issue in the region.

The Castle Church

One of the standout features of the Old Castle is its church, built between 1558 and 1562 by Aberlin Tretsch and Blasius Berwart. This Renaissance church, designed as a transverse church, was one of the first Protestant church buildings in Württemberg. With its central altar and pulpit, the church was designed to ensure that these key elements were visible from all seating areas, reflecting the Protestant emphasis on accessibility and visibility of religious symbols. The church also features a royal crypt housing the tombs of King Karl I and Queen Olga.

Destruction and Rebirth in the 20th Century

The Old Castle has not been immune to the ravages of time and conflict. In December 1931, a fire severely damaged parts of the castle, including the Dürnitz building and its towers. Reconstruction efforts were initiated but were interrupted by the Second World War, during which the castle suffered further damage. The post-war rebuilding process, led by architect Paul Schmitthenner, took several decades and was only completed in 1971. Today, the restored castle stands as a symbol of resilience and historical continuity.

Modern-Day Museum

Today, the Old Castle serves as a museum, housing the Württemberg State Museum. Visitors can explore a wide range of exhibits that showcase the region's cultural and historical heritage. The museum's collections include artifacts from the prehistoric era to the present day, offering a comprehensive overview of the area's rich history. The castle's courtyard, with its Renaissance arcades, provides a picturesque setting for various cultural events and activities throughout the year.

A Must-Visit Landmark

The Old Castle is more than just a historical monument; it is a living testament to the enduring spirit of Stuttgart and its people. Its walls echo the stories of knights and dukes, of battles and celebrations, of destruction and rebirth. A visit to the Old Castle is a journey through time, offering a glimpse into the past while standing firmly in the present. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, the Old Castle in Stuttgart is a destination that promises to captivate and inspire.

As you wander through its halls and courtyards, take a moment to reflect on the centuries of history that have unfolded within these walls. The Old Castle is not just a relic of the past; it is a vibrant part of Stuttgart's cultural landscape, a place where history comes alive and the past meets the present in a harmonious blend of old and new.