Mount Valérien

Mount Valérien, known locally as Mont Valérien, is a prominent hill situated in the Hauts-de-Seine department, predominantly within the commune of Suresnes, just 12 kilometers west of Paris. Rising to an elevation of 161 meters, this historic site offers a captivating blend of natural beauty and rich history, making it a must-visit destination for tourists exploring the Parisian outskirts.

A Historical Overview

The history of Mount Valérien dates back centuries, with its upper reaches once home to a religious calvary from the 17th to the early 19th century. This calvary attracted numerous pilgrims, while the slopes of the hill were covered in vineyards. However, the calvary was demolished in 1841 to make way for the construction of the Mont-Valérien fortress, which was built to protect the French capital. During the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, the French army used the fortress to bombard the Château de Saint-Cloud. The hill also holds a somber place in history as the site where over a thousand hostages and resistance fighters were executed during the German occupation from 1941 to 1944.

Geological Significance

Geologically, Mount Valérien is a butte-témoin, similar to Montmartre and the buttes of Parisis. The hill's geological formation spans from the Tertiary period, with layers ranging from plastic clay at its base to a thin layer of Beauce millstone at the summit. The hill's limestone was historically used in the construction of significant Parisian landmarks such as Notre-Dame Cathedral and the Louvre. Additionally, the gypsum extracted from the hill was used in the construction of the Château de Versailles and the Château de Bagatelle.

Religious and Spiritual Heritage

Mount Valérien's spiritual roots are ancient, likely linked to the natural springs that once flowed from the hill. The name Suresnes is believed to derive from a Celtic goddess named Surisna, meaning source. In the Middle Ages, the hill's slopes were cultivated with vineyards, and its summit became home to hermits seeking solitude and spiritual fulfillment. The first recorded hermit was Antoine in 1402, followed by Guillemette Faussart in the 16th century, who built a chapel on the hill.

The hill gained further religious significance in the 17th century when Hubert Charpentier established three crosses and built a church dedicated to the Holy Cross. This development marked the beginning of the Mont-Valérien pilgrimage, attracting numerous faithful from Paris. The pilgrims would cross the Seine by ferry and climb to the summit, passing chapels representing the stations of the cross along the way. The pilgrimage site also included an impressive staircase known as the hundred steps, which still exists today.

The Fortress and Memorial

The Mont-Valérien fortress, constructed in the mid-19th century, played a crucial role in France's military history. During World War II, the fortress became a site of execution for resistance fighters and hostages. In honor of these brave individuals, the Memorial of Fighting France was inaugurated on June 18, 1960, by General de Gaulle. The memorial stands as a tribute to the fighters, resistance members, and deportees of World War II, serving as a poignant reminder of the sacrifices made for freedom.

Visiting Mount Valérien

Today, Mount Valérien offers visitors a unique opportunity to explore its rich history and enjoy its natural beauty. The hill provides stunning panoramic views of the surrounding area, including the Paris skyline. The fortress, with its imposing architecture, stands as a testament to the hill's strategic importance throughout history.

Visitors can also explore the Memorial of Fighting France, which offers a moving experience through its exhibits and commemorative plaques. The memorial's design and location, backed by the southern wall of the fortress, create a solemn atmosphere that honors the memory of those who fought and died for their country.

Conclusion

Mount Valérien is more than just a hill; it is a symbol of resilience, faith, and sacrifice. Its layers of history, from religious pilgrimages to military fortifications, make it a fascinating destination for history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike. Whether you are drawn by its geological significance, its spiritual heritage, or its role in France's wartime history, Mount Valérien offers a rich and rewarding experience that leaves a lasting impression on all who visit.