The Nederlands Hervormde Kerk, also known locally as Marktpleinkerk, stands proudly in the heart of Winschoten, a charming town in the province of Groningen, Netherlands. This architectural gem, originally built as the Sint-Vituskerk, is a magnificent example of Romano-Gothic style, captivating visitors with its storied past and striking design.
The origins of the Nederlands Hervormde Kerk date back to around 1275 when it was first constructed. The church was initially dedicated to Saint Vitus, reflecting its historical ties to the Abbey of Corvey in Germany, which held the relics of the saint. Winschoten's connection to Corvey is still evident today, with Saint Vitus depicted on the town's coat of arms.
Throughout its history, the church has witnessed significant events, including damage during the Eighty Years' War when it was transformed into a defensive fortress by the States General in 1593. The building's strategic importance during this tumultuous period is a testament to its resilience and historical significance.
The Nederlands Hervormde Kerk is renowned for its architectural purity. A comprehensive restoration between 1905 and 1907, led by state architect C.H. Peters and city architect Klaas de Grooth, ensured that the church retained its Romano-Gothic charm. The building stretches 41 meters in length and 8.65 meters in width, featuring five bays adorned with tall, narrow pointed arch windows, flanked by uniform niches in opus spicatum.
Inside, the church exudes the spirit of late medieval Gothic architecture, particularly through its 22 high windows. These windows are adorned with stained glass designed by artist Femmy Schilt-Geesink and crafted by her husband Johan Schilt between 1948 and 1970. The late Gothic style is also evident in the baptismal font and altarpiece, offering visitors a glimpse into the ecclesiastical artistry of the past.
Standing 23 meters away from the main church building is the freestanding tower, a notable landmark in Winschoten. Reaching a height of 41 meters, the tower's lower sections date back to the 13th century, with subsequent enhancements made in the 16th century. Its distinctive white plaster, which earned it the nickname d'Olle Witte (the Old White), was removed in the early 20th century, yet the tower remains a beloved symbol of the town.
The tower houses two swinging bells from 1773 and 1826, and a carillon with 35 bells, installed in 1947 by the Van Bergen bell foundry. Though the carillon no longer rings regularly due to budgetary constraints, the tower's presence continues to dominate the Winschoten skyline.
The interior of the Nederlands Hervormde Kerk is a treasure trove of historical artifacts and artistic elements. The baroque pulpit, crafted by Jan Bitter Sr. in 1745 and featuring carvings by Casper Struiwig, was originally from the church in the now-lost village of Oterdum. The original pulpit from 1695 was relocated to the Grote or Sint-Nicolaaskerk in Monnickendam.
One of the church's most remarkable features is its organ, built in 1868 by Christian Gottlieb Friedrich Witte. This two-manual organ with 23 stops and a pedal is the only instrument by this renowned Utrecht organ builder in the province of Groningen. A major restoration by the Reil company in 2000-2001 ensured that this musical masterpiece continues to resonate within the church's hallowed walls.
In recent years, the church has seen modern additions, including a striking light blue fence surrounding two espalier trees near the western entrance. Plans for a glass extension were proposed in 2012 but were ultimately abandoned due to funding challenges. Nonetheless, the church underwent an interior renovation in 2020, blending contemporary elements with its historic fabric.
The Nederlands Hervormde Kerk is not only a place of worship but also a beacon of cultural heritage in Winschoten. Its rich history, combined with its architectural beauty, makes it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the region. Whether you're an aficionado of Gothic architecture or simply a curious traveler, this church offers a captivating journey through time, right in the heart of the Netherlands.
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