Port of Bridgwater

Bridgwater, a town steeped in history and charm, is home to the fascinating Port of Bridgwater. This port, which has played a significant role in the town's development, stretches from Brean Down to Hinkley Point in Bridgwater Bay, encompassing parts of the rivers Parrett, Brue, and Axe. Although the hustle and bustle of ships docking in the town has faded, the port remains a testament to Bridgwater's rich maritime heritage.

The Historical Significance of the Port

The name Bridgwater itself hints at its historical roots in maritime trade. The town's name has evolved over the centuries, with theories suggesting it could derive from Brigg meaning quay, Old English brycg (gang plank), or Old Norse bryggja (quay). The Domesday Book listed the town as Brugie, and after the Norman invasion, it became known as Burgh-Walter, named after Walter of Douai.

Bridgwater's journey as a port began long before 1200 AD when the first stone bridge was constructed, marking the highest point of safe navigation for seagoing vessels. The port's strategic location as the lowest practical crossing point on the River Parrett made it a focal point for trade. Lords of the town's manors capitalized on this, imposing water tolls and integrating Bridgwater into the Port of Bristol network.

Maritime Trade and Development

In its early days, Bridgwater thrived on the export of wool, agricultural products like wheat, corn, beans, and peas to destinations such as southern France, northern Spain, Wales, and Ireland. Imports primarily consisted of herring and wines from Bordeaux, establishing the town as a victualling center by 1330. The port's formal recognition in 1348 by an act of Parliament expanded its jurisdiction to cover 80 miles of the Somerset coastline.

From 1424 onwards, substantial stone quays were built on both sides of the river, along with dry docks and launching slips. This infrastructure supported the construction of 167 ships, with the last one, Irene, being launched in 1907. The port's development spurred the local cloth trade, peaking in the early 16th century with exports to Spain, France, and Ireland.

Expansion and Challenges

The Bridgwater and Taunton Canal, built to connect Taunton to the River Parrett, faced numerous legal disputes in its early years. However, an agreement allowed the canal company to take over the Tone Navigation, facilitating a short extension to French Weir. The construction of a floating harbor in the 19th century, driven by demands from local trade companies, marked a significant milestone in the port's history.

The new facilities, including a deep cutting from Albert Street to West Street, a tunnel, and inner and outer basins, were completed in 1841. This development boosted trade, with around 2,400 vessels using the port annually by 1853. Despite its success, the canal company struggled with mortgage repayments, leading to its acquisition by the Bristol and Exeter Railway in 1866.

Decline and Legacy

The importance of the port began to wane after the opening of the Severn Tunnel in 1886, which drastically reduced coal imports by sea. The rise of railways and the advent of larger steam-powered ships further contributed to the decline. By the early 20th century, the canal had fallen into disrepair, and control of the docks and canal passed into public ownership with the Transport Act 1947.

Despite its decline, the Port of Bridgwater remains a symbol of the town's rich maritime history. The port authority continues to manage cargo, primarily stone products through the wharf at Dunball. The historical significance of the port is preserved in the town's architecture, with remnants of the stone quays and dry docks serving as reminders of its bustling past.

Exploring Bridgwater Today

Visitors to Bridgwater can immerse themselves in the town's maritime heritage by exploring its historical sites and scenic riverbanks. The town bridge, once a pivotal point for seagoing vessels, now offers picturesque views of the River Parrett. Strolling along the river, one can imagine the bustling activity of merchants and sailors from centuries past.

The Bridgwater and Taunton Canal, though no longer in commercial use, provides a tranquil setting for walks and boat trips. The canal's historical significance is commemorated through various plaques and information boards along its route, offering insights into its construction and operation.

For those interested in delving deeper into the town's history, the Blake Museum offers a wealth of information on Bridgwater's maritime past. Named after Admiral Robert Blake, a notable figure born in the town, the museum houses exhibits on the port's development, shipbuilding, and trade.

Conclusion

The Port of Bridgwater, with its centuries-old history and enduring legacy, is a captivating destination for history enthusiasts and casual visitors alike. Its story, intertwined with the town's development, reflects the resilience and adaptability of Bridgwater's people. As you explore the town and its riverbanks, you'll uncover the rich tapestry of maritime trade that has shaped this charming corner of Somerset.