New Cathedral of Coimbra

The New Cathedral of Coimbra, known locally as Sé Nova de Coimbra, stands as a magnificent testament to the rich history and vibrant culture of Coimbra, Portugal. Nestled in the upper part of the city, this architectural gem is a must-visit for anyone exploring the historical landscapes of Portugal. Originally a Jesuit church, it was transformed into a cathedral in the 18th century, and its grand baroque style continues to awe visitors from around the globe.

The Jesuit Legacy

The story of the New Cathedral of Coimbra begins in the mid-16th century when the Jesuits established a residence in the city to support their students attending the nearby University of Coimbra. This initiative was spearheaded by the charismatic Simon Rodrigues, the first Portuguese Jesuit, whose dynamic personality attracted many to the order. By 1543, the Jesuit community had grown significantly, necessitating the construction of new buildings funded by the generous King John III. These structures became a hub of religious fervor and missionary zeal, sending many Jesuit missionaries to far-flung corners of the world, including India, Brazil, and the Congo.

Construction of the church began in 1598 under the guidance of architect Baltazar Álvares. However, progress was slow, and it wasn't until 1640 that the church was completed and opened for worship. For two centuries, it served as a vital center for Jesuit education and religious activities, playing a pivotal role in the training of missionaries and the intellectual life of the Jesuit order.

From Church to Cathedral

In 1759, the Jesuits were expelled from Portugal by the Marquis of Pombal, leading to the transfer of their buildings to the University of Coimbra. A few years later, in 1772, the decision was made to relocate the diocesan seat from the old Romanesque cathedral, which had become too small, to the spacious and modern Jesuit church. Thus, the New Cathedral of Coimbra was born, marking a new chapter in the building's history.

The architectural style of the New Cathedral, one of the earliest examples of baroque design in Portugal, had a profound influence on the religious edifices of the Portuguese colonial world. Its façade inspired the design of the Jesuit church in Salvador, Brazil, which later became the Cathedral of Salvador.

Architectural Splendor

The façade of the New Cathedral of Coimbra is a captivating sight, adorned with statues of four traditional Jesuit saints: Ignatius of Loyola, Francis Xavier, Aloysius Gonzaga, and Francis Borgia. The upper part of the façade is ornately decorated, contrasting with the more classical rigidity of the lower section. Behind the façade, modest bell towers rise, while a dome crowns the crossing of the transept.

Inside, the cathedral features a single nave with a barrel vault, flanked by side chapels that lead to a transept capped by a dome. The arms of the transept and the sanctuary are home to grand altars of gilded wood, crafted in the 17th and 18th centuries, exemplifying the 'national' style of Portugal. The side chapels boast altars in the mannerist baroque style, adding to the cathedral's rich artistic heritage.

Historic Treasures

The choir stalls, dating back to the 17th century, were transferred from the old cathedral, as were the stone baptismal fonts, a masterpiece of Manueline artistry created by the artists Pero and Felipe Henriques in the early 16th century. These elements provide a tangible link to the cathedral's storied past and offer visitors a glimpse into the artistic traditions of the era.

Visiting the New Cathedral of Coimbra

For travelers seeking to immerse themselves in the history and culture of Coimbra, a visit to the New Cathedral is an unforgettable experience. As you explore the cathedral, you'll be transported back in time, surrounded by the echoes of centuries of religious devotion and architectural innovation. Whether you're an aficionado of baroque architecture or simply a curious traveler, the New Cathedral of Coimbra offers a fascinating journey through the annals of Portuguese history.

In conclusion, the New Cathedral of Coimbra is not just a place of worship; it's a living museum that encapsulates the dynamic history of Coimbra and the enduring legacy of the Jesuit order. Its walls tell stories of faith, education, and artistic achievement, making it an essential stop on any itinerary through this enchanting city.