St. Severi (Erfurt)

St. Severi Church in Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany, is a masterpiece of Gothic architecture that stands proudly beside the Erfurt Cathedral on the Domberg. This unique architectural ensemble forms an iconic symbol of the city, captivating visitors with its grandeur and historical significance.

The Early Medieval Church

The site where St. Severi Church now stands was originally home to an older St. Paul's Church, though no remains of this earlier structure were found during archaeological excavations in 1960-61. The establishment of the church is often attributed to Boniface, and it is believed that a Benedictine monastery named St. Paul was founded here around 708. In 836, Archbishop Otgar of Mainz transferred the relics of Saint Severus of Ravenna to this monastery, which by the 9th century had dual dedications to St. Paul and St. Severus.

Romanesque Construction

The church first appears in historical records in 1079-1080 when it was destroyed during the conquest of Erfurt by Henry IV. It was rebuilt on a smaller scale, and by 1121, a collegiate foundation was established at St. Severi. This period also saw the construction of a bishop's residence, the Krummhaus, by Archbishop Adalbert of Mainz. A fire in 1142 caused significant damage, but the church was quickly rebuilt and rededicated by 1148. The Romanesque church had a three-aisled basilica layout with two transepts and two choirs, reflecting its dual dedication.

High Gothic Reconstruction

Plans for a new construction emerged in 1238, but actual work began in the 1270s. The new Gothic church was designed to be particularly impressive, and by 1308, the new high altar was consecrated. The church was largely completed by the mid-14th century, with the vaulting finished around 1370. The new structure retained the Romanesque layout but added additional aisles, creating a five-aisled hall church. This design was ahead of its time, anticipating the late Gothic hall churches of the 15th century.

Late Gothic Modifications

A major fire in 1472 caused extensive damage, including the destruction of the bell towers, roof, and parts of the vaults. The church was rebuilt by 1500, featuring a new sacristy, chapter hall, and the distinctive three-tower eastern end. The side towers were rebuilt with elegant spires in 1495, and the central tower was added. The late Gothic Marian altar, created around 1510, is a notable feature of the church, showcasing intricate carvings and figures of saints.

The Chapter House and Cloister

Although documents from 1317 and 1363 mention a cloister, it is generally believed that St. Severi never had a fully developed cloister. Instead, the chapter hall was likely a room within the church itself. After the 1472 fire, a new sacristy and chapter hall were built on the north side, and a new cloister was completed by 1495.

The Modern Era

In the 17th century, the church underwent significant changes, including a new Baroque high altar by sculptor Johann Andreas Gröber. The church was secularized in 1803 and used as a hospital by French troops in 1813-14. Despite these changes, St. Severi remains a vibrant part of Erfurt's religious and cultural life.

Today, St. Severi Church stands as a testament to the rich history and architectural evolution of Erfurt. Its towering spires, intricate Gothic details, and historical significance make it a must-visit for anyone exploring this beautiful city. Whether you're an architecture enthusiast, a history buff, or simply a curious traveler, St. Severi offers a fascinating glimpse into the past and a stunning example of Gothic craftsmanship.