Stiftskirche

The Stiftskirche in Landau in der Pfalz is a magnificent example of Gothic architecture and a beacon of historical and cultural significance in the region of Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. This Evangelical church, one of the three oldest in the city, stands as a testament to the rich history and spiritual heritage of Landau.

The History of Stiftskirche

The origins of the Stiftskirche trace back to 1276 when Count Emich IV of Leiningen invited Augustinian canons from Zabern (now Saverne in Alsace) to establish a convent and hospital in Landau. The construction of the church began in 1281, initially serving the rapidly growing town which was granted the status of a Free Imperial City in 1291. However, the original parish church soon proved inadequate for the burgeoning population.

The foundation stone of the current Stiftskirche was laid in 1333, south of the Queich River. The earliest part of the church, the early Gothic choir, was completed around 1335. By 1340, the church was nearly finished except for the west tower, whose construction spanned from 1349 to the mid-15th century, funded by the city council. In 1483, the monastery was secularized and transformed into a collegiate foundation, with the canons retaining parish rights. A northern aisle was added in 1490, further expanding the church.

The Stiftskirche is the largest Gothic church of its kind in the Palatinate region. Measuring 70 meters in length (including the tower), 15 meters in height, and 20 meters in width, it is a remarkable structure. The tower, standing at 55 meters, is a prominent feature of Landau’s skyline, alongside the 60-meter twin towers of the Marienkirche on the Südring. The tower gained its distinctive roof and belfry apartment in the 18th century.

In 1522, Johannes Bader began preaching Reformation ideas in the Stiftskirche. Over the following years, the city council and most citizens adopted the Protestant faith. By the early 1530s, a Simultaneum was established, with the remaining canons using the choir and the Protestants the nave. This arrangement lasted until 1893 when the Catholics commenced building the Marienkirche, and the Stiftskirche became exclusively Protestant.

Exploring the Stiftskirche

Visitors to the Stiftskirche are greeted by its imposing Gothic architecture and a sense of profound history. The church's interior is a treasure trove of historical and artistic marvels that reflect its storied past.

Frescos

One of the highlights of the Stiftskirche is the collection of Gothic frescoes discovered in the former chapter hall, now the baptismal chapel, in 1897-98. Although these frescoes were heavily restored and partially altered in 1958 and 1962, they remain valuable examples of pre-Reformation Palatinate church painting. They offer a glimpse into the artistic and religious expression of the time.

Epitaphs

The church houses several notable epitaphs, each with its own story. Among them is the epitaph for Hartung Fuchs von Dornheim, who died in 1512 and served as the steward of the Prince-Bishop of Speyer. Another poignant memorial is for Maria Elisabeth, a child who passed away in 1688, the daughter of French Chief Engineer Jacques Tarade, who was involved in fortifying Landau. The epitaph for Johann Philipp Menweeg, who died in 1702, commemorates a dean of the collegiate foundation and a commissioner for the Bishop of Speyer for Weißenburg and South Palatinate. Additionally, there is a plaque honoring Heinrich von Vallade, a native of Landau and tutor to King Ludwig III of Bavaria, who died in 1870.

The Organ

The Stiftskirche's organ is a masterpiece of Baroque craftsmanship. The organ case on the west gallery, created in 1772 by Johann Ignaz Seuffert, replaced an earlier instrument by Johann Friedrich Macrander. In 2006, the Austrian organ-building firm Rieger installed a new instrument with 47 registers (3100 pipes) on three manuals and pedal, maintaining the size of its predecessor, which was sold to Poland. The organ's intricate design and rich sound make it a central feature of the church's musical life.

Conclusion

The Stiftskirche in Landau in der Pfalz is not just an architectural gem but a living monument to centuries of religious, cultural, and social history. Its towering presence and the stories embedded within its walls continue to inspire awe and reverence. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or a spiritual seeker, a visit to the Stiftskirche is a journey through time, offering profound insights into the legacy of Landau and the broader region of Rheinland-Pfalz.