Pistoia Cathedral

In the heart of the charming Tuscan town of Pistoia stands the majestic Pistoia Cathedral, known locally as Cattedrale di San Zeno. This architectural marvel is a testament to centuries of faith, art, and history, making it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring this enchanting region of Italy.

The History of Pistoia Cathedral

The origins of Pistoia Cathedral are shrouded in the mists of time, with some sources suggesting that a church existed on this site as early as the 5th century. Initially dedicated to St. Martin, the cathedral was rededicated to St. Zeno during the Lombard domination. The first documented mention of the cathedral dates back to 923, where it was referred to as the Ecclesia SS. Zenonis, Rufinis et Felicis. Over the centuries, the cathedral has witnessed numerous transformations, reflecting the tumultuous history of the region.

One of the most significant events in the cathedral's history occurred in 1108 when it was damaged by a fire. The church was subsequently rebuilt in the early 12th century, with the altar dedicated to St. James consecrated in 1145 by Bishop Atto. Another fire in 1202 necessitated further reconstruction, and the cathedral underwent several modifications over the centuries, including the addition of a Baroque-style tribune and dome in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. A major restoration undertaken between 1952 and 1966 aimed to return the cathedral to its original Romanesque style, removing later additions and revealing the beauty of its medieval architecture.

Exploring Pistoia Cathedral

As you approach Pistoia Cathedral, the first thing that strikes you is its stunning Romanesque façade. The façade, adorned with intricate marble sculptures, features statues of the cathedral's patron saints, St. Zeno and St. James, perched on either end of the gable. The design is reminiscent of other Romanesque churches in Pistoia, such as San Bartolomeo and Sant'Andrea, creating a harmonious architectural landscape in the city.

Upon entering the cathedral, you are greeted by a spacious interior with three aisles divided by rows of majestic columns. The central nave is covered with a wooden truss roof, while the side aisles feature vaulted ceilings. The elevated presbytery and the crypt beneath it add to the cathedral's grandeur, inviting visitors to explore its depths and discover its hidden treasures.

The Treasures Within

The interior of Pistoia Cathedral is a treasure trove of art and history. One of the most notable features is the Chapel of the Holy Sacrament, also known as the Chapel of St. Donatus or St. Felix. This chapel houses a beautiful painting by Lorenzo di Credi, depicting the Madonna enthroned with St. John the Baptist and St. Donatus. The painting, originally commissioned from Andrea del Verrocchio, was completed by his pupil Lorenzo di Credi and is a masterpiece of Renaissance art.

Another highlight is the Chapel of St. Atto, which contains the urn of St. Atto, created by Cleto Lapi in 1952. The chapel also features a painting by Mattia Preti, depicting Saints Baronto and Desiderio, as well as frescoes by Luigi Sabatelli and Giuseppe Bezzuoli.

The Chapel of the Crucifix is home to one of the cathedral's most prized possessions: the silver altar of St. James. This exquisite piece of medieval goldsmithing was crafted by a dozen master artisans between 1287 and 1450, including the renowned Filippo Brunelleschi. The altar, originally located in the now-demolished Chapel of St. James, was moved to its current location in 1953 and is a testament to the skill and artistry of its creators.

The Crypt and Other Highlights

The crypt beneath the presbytery is a fascinating space that dates back to the Romanesque period. During the restoration in the 1960s, several important artifacts were discovered here, including two capitals, fragments of columns, and remnants of 12th-century frescoes. The crypt also houses the foundations of the southern apse of the Romanesque choir and two marble slabs from the late 12th century.

As you explore the cathedral, be sure to take note of the counter-façade, which features the ark of St. Atto with marble bas-reliefs created in 1337 by the workshop of Giovanni di Agostino da Siena. The counter-façade also includes the baptismal font designed by Andrea Ferrucci da Fiesole and Jacopo del Mazza, with scenes from the life of St. John the Baptist.

A Living Monument

Pistoia Cathedral is not just a relic of the past; it is a living monument that continues to play a vital role in the spiritual and cultural life of the city. In December 1965, Pope Paul VI elevated the cathedral to the status of a minor basilica, recognizing its significance and enduring legacy.

Whether you are drawn by its rich history, stunning architecture, or the serene atmosphere within its walls, Pistoia Cathedral offers a captivating experience that will leave a lasting impression. As you stand in this sacred space, you can almost hear the echoes of centuries of prayers, celebrations, and moments of quiet reflection, making your visit to Pistoia Cathedral an unforgettable journey through time.