Oscar Niemeyer International Cultural Centre

The Oscar Niemeyer International Cultural Centre, more commonly known as Centro Niemeyer or simply the Niemeyer, is a striking cultural landmark located in the city of Avilés in Asturias, Spain. Designed by the renowned Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer, this cultural centre stands out with its futuristic design and sweeping curves, a stark contrast to the industrial image of the area and the historic old town of Avilés. The centre, which is Oscar Niemeyer's only work in Spain and one of his few in Europe, was conceived as a space dedicated to education, culture, and peace.

Origins and Design

The story of the Oscar Niemeyer International Cultural Centre began when Oscar Niemeyer, then 82 years old, received the Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts in 1989. This prestigious award, presented by the future King Felipe VI, established a relationship between the architect and the Principality of Asturias. In celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Prince of Asturias Awards, Niemeyer generously donated the design for this grand project to the region. Describing it as an open plaza for everyone, the architect emphasized its purpose as a place for cultural exchange and community engagement. When the centre was inaugurated in March 2011, Niemeyer, at the age of 103, participated via video from Brazil.

A Tour of the Centre

The Oscar Niemeyer International Cultural Centre is strategically located by the Ría of Avilés, an area once dominated by heavy industry. The centre is part of a larger initiative called the Island of Innovation, aimed at revitalizing the area. The centre itself comprises several distinct and visually captivating spaces, each with its own unique function and design.

The Plaza

At the heart of the centre is the expansive plaza, an open space accessible to the public during the day. This area hosts a variety of cultural and recreational activities, embodying Niemeyer's vision of an open, welcoming space. The white concrete paving and minimalist design create a serene and inviting atmosphere, perfect for leisurely strolls or cultural events.

The Auditorium

The auditorium, with its distinctive snail-like shape, is one of the centre's most iconic structures. The stage can open both towards the interior seating area and the exterior plaza, allowing for versatile performance options, including open-air events. The auditorium also features a striking mural of a woman's silhouette in black on a yellow background, adding a splash of color and artistic flair to the building.

The Dome

The Dome is a large, open space of approximately 400 square meters, designed for exhibitions and artistic activities. This semi-spherical structure is constructed from shotcrete and features a unique rounded lamp designed by Niemeyer himself. Inside, a dramatic helical staircase adds to the visual interest and artistic value of the space. The Dome's silhouette is reminiscent of other Niemeyer designs, making it a hallmark of his architectural style.

The Tower

The Tower serves as an observation point, offering panoramic views of the Ría and the city of Avilés. Standing 20 meters tall, the tower features an exterior helical ramp that wraps around a central column, leading to a disc-shaped observation deck surrounded by windows. This vantage point provides visitors with breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.

The Multipurpose and Administrative Building

This building houses the ticket office, reception, a cinema, a cafeteria, several meeting and conference rooms, and the administrative offices of the complex. Its functional design ensures that all necessary amenities are conveniently located, making it a hub of activity within the centre.

Construction and Inauguration

The choice of location for the centre was a subject of debate among the main cities of Asturias—Gijón, Oviedo, and Avilés—all vying to host the project. Construction began in April 2008, with the groundbreaking ceremony marking the start of soil studies and subsequent building work. The Dome was the first structure to be completed, using a pioneering technique that allowed its construction in less than an hour. The multipurpose building and the auditorium followed, primarily built with concrete and glass. The Tower's construction began once the other buildings were nearing completion. Additionally, an underground parking lot was built, and the plaza was paved with white concrete to match the aesthetic of the buildings. The lateral walls of the auditorium were painted yellow, contrasting with the predominant white, and a ceramic mural designed by Niemeyer was added, depicting the silhouette of a reclining woman. The grand opening took place in March 2011, featuring a televised speech by Niemeyer from Brasília and a concert by filmmaker Woody Allen.

Artistic and Cultural Activities

The Oscar Niemeyer International Cultural Centre hosts a wide array of artistic and cultural events, attracting numerous national and international artists from various fields, including visual arts, theater, cinema, photography, and literature. Notable figures such as Carlos Saura, Annie Leibovitz, and Woody Allen have graced its halls, contributing to its reputation as a cultural hub. The centre also co-produces exhibitions, festivals, and performances, ensuring a diverse and vibrant program throughout the year.

The Oscar Niemeyer International Cultural Centre is more than just an architectural marvel; it is a beacon of culture and community in Avilés. Its striking design, diverse cultural offerings, and commitment to education and peace make it a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Asturias. Whether you're an architecture enthusiast, a culture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, the Niemeyer Centre promises an enriching and unforgettable experience.