Fort Griswold

Fort Griswold, nestled in the quaint town of Groton, Connecticut, is a historic gem that beckons history enthusiasts, curious travelers, and anyone with an appreciation for the past. This storied site, now part of the Fort Griswold Battlefield State Park, played a pivotal role in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War. Named after Matthew Griswold, the then-lieutenant governor of Connecticut, Fort Griswold stands as a testament to the bravery and resilience of those who fought for American independence.

The History of Fort Griswold

Fort Griswold's origins date back to the Revolutionary War, serving as a critical defense point alongside Fort Trumbull on the opposite side of the Thames River. These forts were essential in protecting the harbor of New London, a vital supply hub for the Continental Army and a safe haven for privateers preying on British ships.

In September 1781, the fort became the stage for the Battle of Groton Heights. British forces, led by the infamous turncoat Benedict Arnold, launched an attack on New London and subsequently targeted Fort Griswold. Arnold, with his intimate knowledge of the fort's defenses, approached in a manner that rendered the fort's cannons ineffective against the British fleet. Despite a valiant defense by the American garrison, the British forces eventually overpowered them. The battle culminated in a tragic massacre, with Colonel William Ledyard surrendering only to be killed with his own sword, and 85 militiamen losing their lives. The fort was abandoned as Arnold set New London ablaze.

Fort Griswold Battlefield State Park

Today, Fort Griswold Battlefield State Park offers visitors a chance to step back in time and explore the remnants of this historic site. The park encompasses reconstructed earthworks, gun emplacements, and later-era powder magazines, providing a glimpse into the fort's military past. Scattered throughout the park are various monuments and memorials dedicated to the heroes of different wars.

One of the park's most striking features is the Groton Monument, a granite obelisk erected between 1826 and 1830. Standing at 135 feet tall with 166 steps, it commemorates the fallen defenders of the Battle of Groton Heights. Adjacent to the monument is the Monument House Museum, which houses exhibits related to the Revolutionary War. Operated by the Daughters of the American Revolution, the museum is open to visitors from Memorial Day to Labor Day.

Another notable site within the park is the Ebenezer Avery House. This historic house served as a refuge for the wounded after the battle and is open for tours during the summer months, offering a poignant reminder of the human cost of war.

Exploring Fort Griswold

Visitors to Fort Griswold can wander through the reconstructed fortifications and imagine the intense battles that once took place on these grounds. The park's open spaces and scenic views of the Thames River provide a serene contrast to the fort's turbulent history. Interpretive signs and markers throughout the park offer insights into the events that unfolded here, making it a rich educational experience for all ages.

For those interested in military history, the park's gun emplacements and powder magazines offer a fascinating look at the fort's defensive capabilities. The iron furnace, used to heat cannonballs for firing at enemy ships, is another intriguing feature that highlights the ingenuity of the fort's defenders.

Commemorating the Past

Fort Griswold's significance extends beyond the Revolutionary War. The fort saw use in subsequent conflicts, including the War of 1812, when it served as a base for United States Navy sailors under Commodore Stephen Decatur. During this time, Decatur's squadron was trapped by a superior British force, underscoring the fort's continued strategic importance.

In the post-Civil War era, the fort was upgraded with 10-inch Rodman cannons, reflecting advancements in military technology. Although it was never permanently manned after the Civil War, Fort Griswold remained an active military post until the end of the 19th century. One notable figure associated with the fort during this period was Ordnance Sergeant Mark Wentworth Smith, a veteran of the Mexican-American War who served at the fort until his death at the age of 76.

A Place of Reflection and Inspiration

Fort Griswold is more than just a historic site; it is a place of reflection and inspiration. The park's tranquil setting, combined with its rich history, offers a unique opportunity to connect with the past and honor the sacrifices of those who fought for freedom. Whether you're a history buff, a nature lover, or simply looking for a peaceful place to explore, Fort Griswold Battlefield State Park has something to offer.

As you stroll through the park, take a moment to pause at the various memorials and monuments, each telling a story of courage and resilience. The Groton Monument, in particular, stands as a towering tribute to the fort's defenders, reminding us of the high price of liberty.

In conclusion, Fort Griswold is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in American history and the Revolutionary War. Its well-preserved fortifications, informative exhibits, and beautiful surroundings make it a captivating and educational experience. So, the next time you find yourself in Groton, Connecticut, be sure to step back in time and explore the storied grounds of Fort Griswold – a place where history comes alive.